1. Neuroscience

A visual pathway for skylight polarization processing in Drosophila

  1. Ben J Hardcastle  Is a corresponding author
  2. Jaison J Omoto
  3. Pratyush Kandimalla
  4. Bao-Chau M Nguyen
  5. Mehmet F Keleş
  6. Natalie K Boyd
  7. Volker Hartenstein
  8. Mark A Frye
  1. Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
  2. Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.63225
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Cite this article
  1. Ben J Hardcastle
  2. Jaison J Omoto
  3. Pratyush Kandimalla
  4. Bao-Chau M Nguyen
  5. Mehmet F Keleş
  6. Natalie K Boyd
  7. Volker Hartenstein
  8. Mark A Frye
(2021)
A visual pathway for skylight polarization processing in Drosophila
eLife 10:e63225.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.63225
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11 figures, 3 tables and 1 additional file

Figures

Figure 1 with 2 supplements
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Polarization processing in the medulla dorsal rim area.

(A) Schematic of the dorsal rim area (DRA) of the right eye and the projection of DRA R7/R8 photoreceptors to corresponding columns in the medulla dorsal rim area (MEDRA) across the first optic …

Figure 1—figure supplement 1
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Polarizer stimulus characterization and R7/R8 photoreceptor stimulation.

(A) Schematic of experimental setup. Volumetric two-photon imaging of the medulla dorsal rim area (MEDRA) was performed while ultraviolet light was presented continuously and a linear polarizing …

Figure 1—figure supplement 2
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Polarization-opponent flash responses in DmDRA1.

(A) Example time-averaged maximum-intensity projection showing GCaMP activity in DmDRA1 neurons (DmDRA1-split>sytGCaMP6s) and example ROIs automatically generated around areas of DmDRA1 neurons with …

Figure 2 with 1 supplement
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Medulla projection neurons receive polarization signals from DmDRA1 and DRA photoreceptors.

(A) Confocal projection (anterior view) of R56F07-Gal4 driving a population of MeTu neurons with dendrites in the dorsal medulla (ME) and projections to the anterior optic tubercle (AOTU) via the …

Figure 2—figure supplement 1
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Retinotopic mapping of medulla dorsal rim area to AOTU by MeTu neurons.

(A) Confocal section of the medulla (dorsal view) showing R7/R8 photoreceptors (24B10 antibody staining: green) and their proximity to MeTu neurons (R56F07-Gal4>GFP: magenta). Right: Enlargement of …

Figure 3 with 1 supplement
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MeTu neurons convey polarization signals to the AOTU in a polarotopic fashion.

(A) Example spatial map of polarization-selectivity index (PSI) in MeTu terminals in the AOTU (R56F07-Gal4>sytGCaMP6s; predominantly MeTuil neurons innervating intermediate-lateral (il) domain, with …

Figure 3—figure supplement 1
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Organization of polarization-selective responses in MeTu neurons in the AOTU.

(A) Scatter plot showing the organization of polarized light responses in R56F07 MeTu neurons (pooled ρ = 0.04, CI95 [−0.22 0.22], N = 17 recordings). Individual points represent pixels recorded in …

Figure 4
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Retinotopic encoding of multiple visual features in the AOTU.

(A) Left: Example time-averaged maximum-intensity projection showing GCaMP activity in R73C04 MeTu neuron terminals in the left AOTU and examples of lateral ROIs (green) and medial ROIs (blue) …

Figure 5
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Bilateral TuTu neurons convey polarization signals to the contralateral AOTU.

(A) Confocal projection (anterior view) of trans-Tango signal (magenta) labeling putative postsynaptic partners of R73C04-Gal4 MeTu neurons (green). (A’) High-magnification dorsal view highlighting …

Figure 6
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A population of TuBu neurons receives polarization signals in the AOTU.

(A) Schematic of TuBu neuron types projecting to the bulb (BU) and connectivity in the AOTU. (B) Probability distribution of PSI values in TuBu neurons recorded in the AOTU. Mean ± SEM. Summarized …

Figure 7 with 1 supplement
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The anterior bulb is an entry point for polarization signals into the central complex.

(A) Example spatial maps of polarization-selectivity index (PSI, top) and tuning (bottom) in TuBu neuron output micro-glomeruli in the superior and anterior regions of the left (A) and right (A’) …

Figure 7—figure supplement 1
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Unpolarized flash responses in TuBu neurons.

(A) Average responses of all TuBu neurons in each population to 4 s blue light flashes, recorded in the anterior optic tubercle (AOTU) (GCaMP6s) and bulb (BU) (sytGCaMP6s). Dashed line indicates 0 …

Figure 8 with 1 supplement
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ER4m ring neurons receive polarization-tuned responses from TuBu neurons.

(A) Schematic of TuBu and ring neuron (ER) connectivity in the bulb (BU). (B) Confocal projection (anterior view) of dual-labeled TuBua neurons (R34H10-Gal4>RFP, magenta) and ER4m neurons …

Figure 8—figure supplement 1
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Unstructured organization of preferred angle of polarization in the anterior bulb.

(A) Scatter plot showing the horizontal organization of TuBua tunings in the anterior bulb (BUa). Individual points represent ROIs drawn on micro-glomeruli, showing their normalized horizontal …

Figure 9
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Populations of ER4m ring neurons exhibit a preferred angle of polarization.

(A) Example spatial maps of polarization-selectivity index (PSI) in ER4m synapses recorded in the ellipsoid body (EB) (R34D03-Gal4>sytGCaMP6s). Data shown are from maximum-intensity projections …

Figure 10 with 1 supplement
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E-PG neurons respond to polarized light with flexible tuning and no fixed polarotopic map.

(A) Schematic of E-PG columnar neuron projections and connectivity with tangential ring neurons in the ellipsoid body (EB). See also Figure 10—figure supplement 1D. (B) Example spatial maps of …

Figure 10—figure supplement 1
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E-PG neurons show inconsistent responses and variable tunings.

(A) Confocal projection (anterior view) of E-PG expression pattern in the ellipsoid body (EB), protocerebral bridge (PB) and gall (GA) (SS00096-Gal4>GFP). (A’) Dorsal view. Scale bar denotes 25 μm. …

Appendix 1—figure 1
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Summary of polarization pathway and response properties.

(A) Polarization tuning curves for each neuron population recorded. Thin traces show tuning curves for individual animals, thick traces show their mean. All scale bars denote 1 ΔF/F. Dashed …

Tables

Key resources table
Reagent type (species) or resourceDesignationSource or referenceIdentifiersAdditional information
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)Rh3/Rh4-Gal4Bloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBti0058802;RRID:BDSC_8603Synonym: pan-R7-Gal4 Wernet et al., 2006
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)DmDRA1 split (R13E04-p65.AD; VT059781-Gal4.DBD)This paperFLYB:FBti0187820;FLYB:FBti0194675Available upon request. Components: Dionne et al., 2018; Tirian and Dickson, 2017
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)R13E04-LexABloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBtp0087918;RRID:BDSC_52457Pfeiffer et al., 2013
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)R24F06-LexABloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBti0155501;RRID:BDSC_52695Pfeiffer et al., 2013
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)R56F07-Gal4Bloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBti0136983;RRID:BDSC_39160Jenett et al., 2012
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)R73C04-Gal4Bloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBti0138074;RRID:BDSC_39815Jenett et al., 2012
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)R17F12-Gal4Bloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBti0133538;RRID:BDSC_48779Jenett et al., 2012
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)R34H10-Gal4Bloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBti0135093;RRID:BDSC_49808Jenett et al., 2012
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)R88A06-Gal4Bloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBti0139280;RRID:BDSC_46847Jenett et al., 2012
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)R49E09-Gal4Bloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBti0136346;RRID:BDSC_38692Jenett et al., 2012
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)R34D03-Gal4Bloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBti0135043;RRID:BDSC_49784Jenett et al., 2012
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)R19C08-Gal4Bloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBti0133678;RRID:BDSC_48845Jenett et al., 2012
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)SS00096 (R19G02-p65.AD; R70G12-
Gal4.DBD)		otherFLYB:FBtp0117182;FLYB:FBtp0122173Kim et al., 2017 Provided by V. Jayaraman and T.Wolff, available via https://www.janelia.org/split-GAL4
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)R60D05-LexABloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBti0156166;RRID:BDSC_52867Pfeiffer et al., 2013
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)R34D03-LexABloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBti0135043;RRID:BDSC_49784Pfeiffer et al., 2013
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)20×UAS-IVS-Syn21-opGCaMP6s-p10otherFLYB:FBti0195669Provided by G. Rubin
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)UAS-mCD4::tdTomatoBloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBtp0068010;RRID:BDSC_35837Han et al., 2011
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)UAS-sytGCaMP6sBloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBti0181795;RRID:BDSC_64415Cohn et al., 2015
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)UAS-tdTomatoBloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBti0145104;RRID:BDSC_36328Schulte, 2011; Shaner et al., 2004
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)10×UAS-mCD8::GFPBloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBti0131930;RRID:BDSC_32184Pfeiffer, 2010
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)26×LexAop-mCD8::GFPBloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBti0131946;RRID:BDSC_32207Pfeiffer, 2010
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)10×UAS-mCD8::RFP; 13×LexAop-mCD8::GFPBloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBst0032229;RRID:BDSC_32229Pfeiffer, 2010
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)UAS-nSyb-spGFP1-10, LexAop-CD4-spGFP11Bloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBtp0111281;RRID:BDSC_64314Components: Gallio, 2016; Macpherson et al., 2015
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)MCFO-4Bloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBst0064088;RRID:BDSC_64088Nern et al., 2015
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)MCFO-5Bloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBst0064089;RRID:BDSC_64089Nern et al., 2015
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)MCFO-6Bloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBst0064090;RRID:BDSC_64090Nern et al., 2015
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)GRASPBloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBst0064314;RRID:BDSC_64314Macpherson et al., 2015
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)trans-TangoBloomington Drosophila Stock CenterFLYB:FBst0077124;RRID:BDSC_77124Talay et al., 2017 Provided by G. Barnea
AntibodyAnti-DN-cadherin (rat monoclonal)Developmental Studies Hybridoma BankCat#:DN-Ex #8;
RRID:AB_528121		(1:20)
AntibodyAnti-Neuroglian (mouse monoclonal)Developmental Studies Hybridoma BankCat#:BP 104;
RRID:AB_528402		(1:30)
AntibodyAnti-GFP (chicken polyclonal)AbcamCat#:ab13970;
RRID:AB_300798		(1:1000)
AntibodyAnti-DsRed (rabbit polyclonal)Takara BioCat#:632496;
RRID:AB_10013483		(1:1000)
AntibodyAnti-HA (rabbit monoclonal)Cell Signaling TechnologyCat#: 3724S;
RRID:AB_1549585		(1:300)
AntibodyAnti-V5 (mouse monoclonal)Thermo Fisher ScientificCat#:37–7500;
RRID:AB_2533339		(1:1000)
AntibodyAnti-Mouse conjugated to Cy5 (goat polyclonal)Jackson ImmunoResearchCat#:115-175-166;
RRID:AB_2338714		(1:300)
AntibodyAnti-Rat conjugated to Cy3 (goat polyclonal)Jackson ImmunoResearchCat#:112-165-167;RRID:AB_2338251(1:300)
AntibodyAnti-Rat conjugated to Cy5 (goat polyclonal)Jackson ImmunoResearchCat#:112-175-143;RRID:AB_2338263(1:300)
AntibodyAnti-Rabbit conjugated to Cy3 (goat polyclonal)Jackson ImmunoResearchCat#:111-165-003;RRID:AB_2338000(1:300)
AntibodyAnti-GFP conjugated to Alexa488 (rabbit polyclonal)Thermo Fisher ScientificCat#:A-21311;RRID:AB_221477(1:1000)
AntibodyAnti-GFP (mouse monoclonal)Sigma-AldrichCat#:G6539;
RRID:AB_259941		(1:1000)
AntibodyAnti-Chicken conjugated to Alexa488 (goat polyclonal)Thermo Fisher ScientificCat#:A-11039;RRID:AB_2534096(1:1000)
AntibodyAnti-Mouse conjugated to Alexa488 (goat polyclonal)Thermo Fisher ScientificCat#:A-10680;RRID:AB_2534062(1:1000)
Software, algorithmFijiImageJRRID:SCR_002285Schindelin et al., 2012
Software, algorithmSlideBook 6Intelligent Imaging InnovationsRRID:SCR_014300
Software, algorithmMATLAB R2017aMathworksRRID:SCR_001622
Appendix 1—table 1
Summary table of neurons in genetic drivers used, corresponding reconstructions in hemibrain connectome, and PSI data.
Genetic driverHemibrain connectome v1.2 (Scheffer et al., 2020)Average PSI†Average ΔPSI(compared to control experiments with polarizing filter removed)
DesignationNeurons recorded
(recording site)		Estimated population size (per recording)Corresponding neuronsInstances traced (per brain hemisphere)BackgroundNeuronsp-value
(t-test, background vs neurons)		Backgroundp-value
(t-test)		Neuronsp-value
(t-test)
DmDRA1-splitDmDRA1 (MEDRA)23n/an/a0.197
CI95 [0.18 0.21]
N = 10		0.741
CI95 [0.70 0.78] N = 10		0.000000−0.002
CI95 [−0.02 0.01]
N = 10		0.8146730.586
CI95 [0.55 0.63]
N = 10		0.000000
R56F07MeTuil + MeTul
(AOTU)		~50–100MC61*3470.209
CI95 [0.20 0.22]
N = 17		0.483
CI95 [0.41 0.55]
N = 17		0.0000010.001
CI95 [−0.01 0.01]
N = 17		0.8360890.280
CI95 [0.21 0.35]
N = 17		0.000000
R73C04MeTul + MeTuil
(AOTU)		~100–150MC61*3470.213
CI95 [0.18 0.25]
N = 11		0.422
CI95 [0.29 0.56]
N = 11		0.0068410.000
CI95 [−0.03 0.03]
N = 11		0.9827610.242
CI95 [0.11 0.38]
N = 11		0.002816
R17F12TuTu
(AOTU)		2TuTuB20.178
CI95 [0.17 0.18]
N = 5		0.482
CI95 [0.34 0.63]
N = 5		0.003928−0.045
CI95 [−0.05 –0.04]
N = 5		0.0000270.373
CI95 [0.23 0.52]
N = 5		0.002009
R34H10TuBua
(AOTU)		5–6**TuBu0150.213
CI95 [0.20 0.23]
N = 8		0.661
CI95 [0.61 0.71]
N = 8		0.0000000.033
CI95 [0.01 0.05]
N = 8		0.0039490.512
CI95 [0.46 0.57]
N = 8		0.000000
TuBua
(BUa)		5–60.200
CI95 [0.18 0.22]
N = 7		0.728
CI95 [0.66 0.80]
N = 7		0.0000060.023
CI95 [0.01 0.04]
N = 7		0.0193180.512
CI95 [0.44 0.58]
N = 7		0.000003
R88A06TuBus + TuBua
(AOTU)		34TuBu01
TuBu06
TuBu08
TuBu09		5
4
10
11		0.188
CI95 [0.18 0.20]
N = 11		0.485
CI95 [0.41 0.56]
N = 11		0.000013
TuBus
(BUs)		280.221
CI95 [0.20 0.24]
N = 6		0.587
CI95 [0.49 0.69]
N = 6		0.000454−0.028
CI95 [−0.05 –0.01]
N = 6		0.0153420.305
CI95 [0.21 0.41]
N = 6		0.000538
TuBua
(BUa)		5–60.211
CI95 [0.20 0.23]
N = 5		0.730
CI95 [0.62 0.84]
N = 5		0.000230−0.022
CI95 [−0.04 –0.01]
N = 5		0.0177490.620
CI95 [0.51 0.73]
N = 5		0.000086
R49E09TuBui
(AOTU)		15–30TuBu02
TuBu03
TuBu05		7
15
5		0.162
CI95 [0.15 0.18]
N = 5		0.154
CI95 [0.10 0.21]
N = 5		0.758387
TuBui
(BUi)		15–300.085
CI95 [0.08 0.09]
N = 12		0.132
CI95 [0.08 0.19]
N = 12		0.088816
R19C08ER2
(BUs)		~40***ER2_a
ER2_b
ER2_d
ER2_c		4
3
3
11		0.199
CI95 [0.16 0.24]
N = 4		0.165
CI95 [0.09 0.24]
N = 4		0.287547
R34D03ER4m
(BUa)		5ER4m50.219
CI95 [0.20 0.24]
N = 25		0.506
CI95 [0.46 0.55]
N = 25		0.000000−0.005
CI95 [−0.02 0.01]
N = 25		0.5797710.336
CI95 [0.29 0.38]
N = 25		0.000000
ER4m
(EB)		100.214
CI95 [0.19 0.24]
N = 7		0.342
CI95 [0.24 0.44]
N = 7		0.0208180.028
CI95 [0.00 0.05]
N = 7		0.0398680.206
CI95 [0.11 0.31]
N = 7		0.002423
SS00096E-PG
(PB)		70EPG250.193
CI95 [0.19 0.20]
N = 22		0.144
CI95 [0.12 0.17]
N = 22		0.0001330.008
CI95 [0.00 0.01]
N = 22		0.0007270.056
CI95 [0.03 0.08]
N = 22		0.000062

  1. †Data for Appendix 1–figure 1B

    *Unsorted group of MeTu-like neurons (partially traced: excludes dendrites in medulla).

  2. **Also contains other TuBu neurons with weak expression, not visible in calcium imaging experiments.

    ***Also contains ER3w neurons (10 instances in hemibrain) and ER3p neurons (nine instances total of ER3p_a plus ER3p_b). A second, previously characterized, genetic driver for ER2 (R78B06) (Omoto et al., 2018) contains 20–25 cell bodies. Polarization-sensitive neurons in R19C08 likely correspond to ER2_a, ER2_b and ER2_d.

Appendix 2—table 1
Experimental genotypes.
Figure panelGenotype
Figure 1Bw / w; R13E04-p65.AD / +; VT059781-Gal4.DBD / 10xUAS-mCD8::GFP
(R13E04-p65.AD; VT059781-Gal4.DBD is abbreviated as DmDRA1-split)
Figure 1B’10xUAS-mCD8::RFP, 13xLexAop-mCD8::GFP / w; R13E04-p65.AD / R24F06-LexA; VT059781-Gal4.DBD / +
Figure 1B’’10xUAS-mCD8::RFP, 13xLexAop-mCD8::GFP / w; Rh3/Rh4-Gal4 / R13E04-LexA; + / +
Figure 1C–Hw / w; R13E04-p65.AD / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; VT059781-Gal4.DBD / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 1—figure supplement 1C-Fw / w; Rh3/Rh4-Gal4 / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; + / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 1—figure supplement 1Iw / w; R13E04-p65.AD / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; VT059781-Gal4.DBD / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 1—figure supplement 1Jw / w; Rh3/Rh4-Gal4 / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; + / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 1—figure supplement 2w / w; R13E04-p65.AD / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; VT059781-Gal4.DBD / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 2Aw / w; + / +; R56F07-Gal4/10xUAS-mCD8::GFP
Figure 2BUAS-myr::GFP, QUAS-mtdTomato-3×HA / w; R13E04-p65.AD / trans-Tango; VT059781-Gal4.DBD / +
Figure 2CUAS-myr::GFP, QUAS-mtdTomato-3×HA / w; trans-Tango / +; Rh3/Rh4-Gal4 / +
Figure 2F,GComparison between:
w / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R56F07-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
w / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R73C04-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 2—figure supplement 1Aw / w; + / +; R56F07-Gal4 / 10xUAS-mCD8::GFP
Figure 2—figure supplement 1B-DMCFO / w; MCFO / +; R56F07-Gal4 / MCFO
Figure 3A,C,Ew / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R56F07-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 3B,D,Fw / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R73C04-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 3—figure supplement 1A,C,Ew / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R56F07-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 3—figure supplement 1B,Dw / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R73C04-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 4A–Fw / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R73C04-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 5AUAS-myr::GFP, QUAS-mtdTomato-3×HA / w; trans-Tango / +; R73C04-Gal4 / +
Figure 5Bw / w; + / +; R17F12-Gal4 / 10xUAS-mCD8::GFP
Figure 5C–Gw / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R17F12-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 6B,CComparison between:
w / w; + / UAS-opGCaMP6s; R49E09-Gal4 / UAS-opGCaMP6s, UAS-CD4::tdTomato
w / w; + / UAS-opGCaMP6s; R88A06-Gal4 / UAS-opGCaMP6s, UAS-CD4::tdTomato
w / w; + / UAS-opGCaMP6s; R34H10-Gal4 / UAS-opGCaMP6s, UAS-CD4::tdTomato
Figure 6D,Ew / w; + / UAS-opGCaMP6s; R49E09-Gal4 / UAS-opGCaMP6s, UAS-CD4::tdTomato
Figure 6F,Gw / w; + / UAS-opGCaMP6s; R88A06-Gal4 / UAS-opGCaMP6s, UAS-CD4::tdTomato
Figure 6H,Iw / w; + / UAS-opGCaMP6s; R34H10-Gal4 / UAS-opGCaMP6s, UAS-CD4::tdTomato
Figure 7—figure supplement 1A,BComparison between:
w / w; + / UAS-opGCaMP6s; R49E09-Gal4 / UAS-opGCaMP6s, UAS-CD4::tdTomato
w / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R49E09-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
w / w; + / UAS-opGCaMP6s; R88A06-Gal4 / UAS-opGCaMP6s, UAS-CD4::tdTomato
w / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R88A06-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
w / w; + / UAS-opGCaMP6s; R34H10-Gal4 / UAS-opGCaMP6s, UAS-CD4::tdTomato
w / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R34H10-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 7Aw / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R88A06-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 7B,CComparison between:
w / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R49E09-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
w / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R88A06-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
w / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R34H10-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 7Dw / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R88A06-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 7EComparison between:
w / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R88A06-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
w / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R34H10-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 7Fw / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R88A06-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 7Gw / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R34H10-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 8B10xUAS-mCD8::RFP, 13xLexAop-mCD8::GFP / w; R34D03-LexA / +; R34H10-Gal4 / +
Figure 8Cw / w; + / UAS-opGCaMP6s; R19C08-Gal4 / UAS-opGCaMP6s, UAS-CD4::tdTomato
Figure 8DComparison between:
w / w; + / UAS-opGCaMP6s; R19C08-Gal4 / UAS-opGCaMP6s, UAS-CD4::tdTomato
w / w; + / UAS-opGCaMP6s; R34D03-Gal4 / UAS-opGCaMP6s, UAS-CD4::tdTomato
Figure 8Ew / w; + / UAS-opGCaMP6s; R34D03-Gal4 / UAS-opGCaMP6s, UAS-CD4::tdTomato
Figure 8Fw / w; R34D03-LexA / UAS-nSyb-spGFP1-10, LexAop-CD4-spGFP11; R34H10-Gal4 / +
Figure 8Gw / w; + / UAS-opGCaMP6s; R34D03-Gal4 / UAS-opGCaMP6s, UAS-CD4::tdTomato
Figure 8Hw / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R34H10-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 8—figure supplement 1A,C,Ew / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R34H10-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 8—figure supplement 1B,D,Fw / w; + / UAS-opGCaMP6s; R34D03-Gal4 / UAS-opGCaMP6s, UAS-CD4::tdTomato
Figure 9A–Ew / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R34D03-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 9Fw / w; + / UAS-opGCaMP6s; R34D03-Gal4 / UAS-opGCaMP6s, UAS-CD4::tdTomato
Figure 9Gw / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R34H10-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 10B,Cw / w; R19G02-p65.AD / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R70G12-Gal4.DBD / UAS-tdTomato
(R19G02-p65.AD; R70G12-Gal4.DBD is abbreviated as SS00096)
Figure 10D,EComparison between:
w / w; R19G02-p65.AD / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R70G12-Gal4.DBD / UAS-tdTomato
w / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R34D03-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 10F–Iw / w; R19G02-p65.AD / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R70G12-Gal4.DBD / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 10—figure supplement 1Aw / w; R19G02-p65.AD / +; R70G12-Gal4.DBD / 10xUAS-mCD8::GFP
Figure 10—figure supplement 1Bw / w; R19G02-p65.AD / R34D03-LexA; R70G12-Gal4.DBD / UAS-nSyb-spGFP1-10, LexAop-CD4-spGFP11
Figure 10—figure supplement 1CComparison between:
w / w; + / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R34H10-Gal4 / UAS-tdTomato
w / w; + / UAS-opGCaMP6s; R34D03-Gal4 / UAS-opGCaMP6s, UAS-CD4::tdTomato
w / w; R19G02-p65.AD / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R70G12-Gal4.DBD / UAS-tdTomato
Figure 10—figure supplement 1E-Gw / w; R19G02-p65.AD / UAS-sytGCaMP6s; R70G12-Gal4.DBD / UAS-tdTomato

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