Rampant tooth loss across 200 million years of frog evolution
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, United States
- Biology Department, Science Museum of Minnesota, United States
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Brazil
Figures
Figure 1
Dental diversity of amphibians.
(A) Toothed frog, Pelophylax ridibundus (CAS:Herp:217695), (B) edentulous frog, Gastrophryne carolinensis (UF:Herp:110645), (C) toothed salamander, Aneides lugubris (MVZ:Herp:249828), (D) toothed …
Figure 2 with 6 supplements
Phylogeny of 524 amphibians depicting the evolution of dentition.
Node point color corresponds to Bayesian model-averaged ancestral states of dentition: blue = toothed; red = edentulous. The size of each node point represents the posterior probability of the most …
Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Comparison of true teeth, odontoids, and dental anatomy of the microhylid taxa with inferred evolutionary reversals.
Figure 2—figure supplement 2
Phylogeny of 524 amphibians depicting the evolution of dentition with species tip labels.
Figure 2—figure supplement 3
Evolution of dentary teeth.
Figure 2—figure supplement 4
Evolution of premaxillary teeth.
Figure 2—figure supplement 5
Evolution of maxillary teeth.
Figure 2—figure supplement 6
Evolution of vomerine teeth.
Figure 3 with 2 supplements
Estimated number of evolutionary transitions among three dental states (fully toothed, toothed upper jaw with vomerine tooth loss, edentulous) inferred from stochastic character mapping using 1000 replicates.
P = premaxilla, M = maxilla, V = vomer. Width of arrows corresponds to estimated number of changes.
Figure 3—figure supplement 1
Discrete character evolution model comparisons for three dental states (fully toothed, toothed upper jaw with vomerine tooth loss, edentulous) in 425 species of frogs.
Figure 3—figure supplement 2
Ancestral reconstruction of three dental character states (fully toothed, toothed upper jaw with vomerine tooth loss, edentulous) using stochastic character mapping in 425 species of frogs.
Figure 4 with 1 supplement
Phylogeny of 268 frog species with a stochastic character map of dentition states and distribution of generalist and microphagous diet states (tip point colors) illustrating the correlated evolution of edentulism and microphagy.
Diversity of edentulous frog skulls: 1. Rhinophrynus dorsalis (CAS:Herp:71766), 2. Hymenochirus boettgeri (CAS:Herp:253587), 3. Notaden bennetti (CAS:Herp:78115), 4. Myobatrachus gouldii …
Figure 4—figure supplement 1
Phylogeny of 268 frog species with a stochastic character map of dentition and the distribution of diet states with species tip labels.
Figure 5
Histograms of relative jaw length (mandible length divided by skull length; A) and body size (snout–vent length [SVL]; B) in 423 frog species plotted by dentition states (blue = toothed; red = edentulous).
A phylogenetic correlation was identified between tooth loss and shortened lower jaws. There is no association between edentulism and body size. Left skull silhouette is Hemisus guineensis …
