(A) LOH event tract size distribution across all 169 MA lines, the average tract sizes of the interstitial LOH (I-LOH) events (7.4 kb) and terminal LOH (T-LOH) events (55.3 kb), respectively. The …
(A) All LOH events, (B) terminal LOH (T-LOH), events, and (C) interstitial LOH (I-LOH) events.
Orange and blue colors represent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) fixed toward either of the parents as described in Table 1 and Supplementary file 1. All the 14 nearly homozygous (NH) lines …
(A) The frequency of total LOH events across the nine genetic backgrounds are highly variable (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<2×10−16). (B) Variability in interstitial and terminal LOH events counts across …
Biased fixation was only observed in H4 and H5 backgrounds (binomial test, p<0.05).
(A) Total LOH events accumulated in mutation accumulation (MA) lines derived from ancestral diploids with high spore fertility, that is, meiotic spore viability greater than or equal to 75% and the f…
The overall, mean single nucleotide mutation (SNM) rate in the 169 MA lines 1.1 × 10−10 per site per division is not different from previous estimates in various diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae …
(A) The spectrum of single nucleotide mutations (SNMs) in the mutation accumulation (MA) lines is variable across all genetic backgrounds (Chi-square test, p<0.05; Supplementary file 5–6). (B) The …
Horizontal red lines indicate mean events.
Two backgrounds carried ancestral trisomies, H3 (+1 chrIX) and H9 (+1 chrIX; +1 chrXVI).
Hybrid | Cross* | Het positions | No. of sequenced lines | No. of bottlenecks | Total no. of divisions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1 | ABS × BKL | 9972 | 20 | 100 | 2446 |
H2 | ABP × BFQ | 18789 | 12 | 75 | 1842 |
H3 | BAP × BAN | 20875 | 20 | 75 | 1863 |
H4 | BTI × ABA | 49412 | 20 | 75 | 1772 |
H5 | ACD × AKQ | 52223 | 20 | 75 | 1777 |
H6 | ACK × CMQ | 55570 | 20 | 100 | 2392 |
H7 | ACG × BAK | 69456 | 19 | 75 | 1844 |
H8 | CGD × AKE | 113241 | 19 | 75 | 1769 |
H9 | BAM × CPG | 116475 | 19 | 100 | 2452 |
* Standardized names from Peter et al., 2018.
Hybrid Background | Mean density at chr_ends | Mean density rest_genome |
---|---|---|
H1 | 3.66 | 3.98 |
H2 | 7.06 | 6.81 |
H3 | 7.57 | 9.26 |
H4 | 15.00 | 22.19 |
H5 | 20.05 | 23.67 |
H6 | 20.27 | 22.80 |
H7 | 31.54 | 31.78 |
H8 | 36.20 | 46.73 |
H9 | 46.58 | 47.70 |
Haploid strains used to generate the nine hybrid diploids, standardized names as per Peter et al., 2018.
Mean growth rate estimates at bottleneck 0 and at the end of the experiment for the nine genetic backgrounds.
These estimates were used to determine the number of divisions at every bottleneck (see Materials and methods).
All loss of heterozygosity (LOH) tracts across the 169 mutation accumulation (MA) lines supported by at least two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
Tracts were merged if consecutive tracts were disrupted by less than two SNPs. LOH tracts in nearly homozygous lines highlighted in yellow.
Meiotic spore viability in the mutation accumulation (MA) lines, H9-8 and H9-11 excluded as they did not sporulate.
SV-percentage spore viability in the MA lines; statistical significance of differences in spore viability between ancestral diploid and the derived MA lines were determined using the p-values from Fisher’s exact test (GraphPad prism). N – number of tetrads analyzed for spore viability, ns – not significant; p>0.05.
Mutations detected in the 169 mutation accumulation (MA) lines.
Multi-nucleotide mutations (MNMs) highlighted in purple.
Chi-square test p-values for the single nucleotide mutation (SNM) spectrum variation.
Chi-square test was performed using the Microsoft excel function Chisq.test().
List of strains used in this study.