A single exposure to altered auditory feedback causes observable sensorimotor adaptation in speech
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, United States
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin–Madison, United States
Figures
Figure 1
Perturbation methodology.
(A) Spectrogram of the word ‘bed’, demonstrating an applied downward F1 perturbation. The F1 frequency of the audio feedback (red) is lowered from the original utterance (yellow). (B) Sample trial sequence from Study 4. Open circles indicate trials in which a perturbation was applied, used to calculate compensation. Closed circles indicate trials in which no perturbation occurred; ‘post-up’ and ‘post-down’ trials were used to calculate one-shot adaptation.
Figure 2
Behavioral responses to auditory perturbations.
(A) Average normalized F1 for trials with upward (blue) or downward (red) perturbations. Error bars show standard error across participants. Highlighted regions illustrate the time periods of interest for compensation (left) and one-shot adaptation (right). Horizontal bars denote times with significant effects (p<0.05; n=131) as determined by cluster-based permutation tests (red and blue: difference from 0, gray: difference between conditions). (B) Probability distributions and boxplots of participants’ average compensation and adaptation responses in the time periods of interest (n=131).
Figure 3
Correlation between compensation and one-shot adaptation.
(A) Participant-level correlation. Each participant contributed two data points: their average response to up-shifted and their average response to down-shifted trials. The average applied F1 shift magnitude is displayed via the color gradient (blue = low shift magnitude, yellow = higher shift magnitude). The trend line (y=0.14x+0.93) represents the main effect of compensation on one-shot adaptation obtained from the linear mixed model. (B) Trial-level correlation. Each pair of perturbation and post-perturbation trials is a data point.
Tables
Table 1
Summary of the included studies.
| Study 1 (Parrell et al., 2017) | Study 2 (Parrell et al., 2021) | Study 3 (Niziolek and Parrell, 2021) | Study 4 (Niziolek and Parrell, 2021) | Study 5 (Niziolek and Guenther, 2013) | Study 6 (Niziolek et al., 2014) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # of participants included in analysis | 14/14 | 13/15 | 40/40* | 40/40* | 11/18 | 15/17 |
| # of outliers | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Words | beck, bet, deck, debt, pet, tech | dead, fed, said, shed | bed, dead, head | bed, dead, head | bed, bet, dead, deb, debt, ped, tech, ted | head |
| # of trials | 160 | 120 | 240 | 240 | 400 | 800 |
| # of perturbed trials | 80 (50%) | 60 (50%) | 80 (33.33%) | 80 (33.33%) | 100 (25%) | 400 (50%) |
| F1 shift magnitude (mels) | 123.6±10 | 125 | 125 | 125 | 107.9±29.9 | 94.3±6.8 |
| Perturbation method | FUSP | Audapter | Audapter | Audapter | Audapter | FUSP |
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The same group of participants contributed to both studies 3 and 4.
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A single exposure to altered auditory feedback causes observable sensorimotor adaptation in speech
eLife 11:e73694.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.73694
