Muscle systems and motility of early animals highlighted by cnidarians from the basal Cambrian
Abstract
Although fossil evidence suggests that various animal groups were able to move actively through their environment in the early stages of their evolution, virtually no direct information is available on the nature of their muscle systems. The origin of jellyfish swimming, for example, is of great interest to biologists. Exceptionally preserved muscles are described here in benthic peridermal olivooid medusozoans from the basal Cambrian of China (Kuanchuanpu Formation, ca. 535 Ma) that have direct equivalent in modern medusozoans. They consist of circular fibers distributed over the bell surface (subumbrella) and most probably have a myoepithelial origin. This is the oldest record of a muscle system in cnidarians and more generally in animals. This basic system was probably co-opted by early Cambrian jellyfish to develop capacities for jet-propelled swimming within the water column. Additional lines of fossil evidence obtained from ecdysozoans (worms and panarthropods) show that the muscle systems of early animals underwent a rapid diversification through the early Cambrian and increased their capacity to colonize a wide range of habitats both within the water column and sediment at a critical time of their evolutionary radiation.
Data availability
Data for this study are available in the Dryad Digital Repository: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pvmcvdnn1
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Muscle systems and motility of early animals highlighted by cnidarians from the basal CambrianDryad Digital Repository, doi:10.5061/dryad.pvmcvdnn1.
Article and author information
Author details
Funding
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2020M672013)
- Xing Wang
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41902012,41720104002)
- Jian Han
the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDB26000000)
- Jian Han
111 Project of the Ministry of Education of China (Nos. D17013,D163107)
- Jian Han
the Most Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, China (BJ11060)
- Jian Han
the Region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes and the Univ. of Lyon (PAI grant to JV)
- Jean Vannier
Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Lucas Leclère ANR-19-CE13-0003)
- Lucas Leclère
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41876180)
- Xikun Song
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Reviewing Editor
- Min Zhu, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Version history
- Received: October 14, 2021
- Preprint posted: October 26, 2021 (view preprint)
- Accepted: January 11, 2022
- Accepted Manuscript published: January 31, 2022 (version 1)
- Version of Record published: February 11, 2022 (version 2)
- Version of Record updated: June 16, 2022 (version 3)
Copyright
© 2022, Wang et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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Muscle systems and motility of early animals highlighted by cnidarians from the basal Cambrian
eLife 11:e74716.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.74716
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