(A) Image of a typical kombucha tea fermentation containing both broth and pellicle. (B, C) Microbial composition in the broths and pellicles of different kombucha teas at the bacterial (B) and …
(A) Colony forming units (CFU) counting of 25 two-species core candidates and 10 monoculture controls upon fermentation. Each core candidate is composed of one bacterial and one fungal species …
List of isolated bacterial and fungal species.
Counting data of different bacteria and yeasts co-cultures.
Chemical property analysis of the core candidates.
Statistics of HCA and PCA analysis.
(A, B) Populations of B2 (A) and Y1 (B) in broth throughout the course of a fermentation starting with 50 g/L sucrose. (C) Bacterium-to-yeast population ratio of the microbes in broth. (D) Ratio of …
Counting data of the minimal core.
Chemical property analysis of the minimal core.
(A, B) Growth rates of B2 (A) and Y1 (B) in tea broth during the KT fermentation with 50 g/L sucrose. (C) Image of a typical pellicle formed during the fermentation. (D, E) Populations of B2 (D) and …
Sucrose (abbreviated as S, 10 g/L), glucose (G, 10 g/L), fructose (F, 10 g/L), ethanol (E, 50 mL/L), and acetate (A, 2 g/L) were used alone or in combination for fermentation. The number on top left …
Counting and metabolic data of the B2 and Y1 monocultures.
GE: glucose and ethanol; GA: glucose and acetate; GFE: glucose, fructose and ethanol; GEA: glucose, ethanol and acetate.
Black arrows refer to metabolic fluxes while brown arrows correspond to positive or negative regulatory interactions. The numbers associated with each arrow are the corresponding fermentation assays …
The invertase activity is defined as the amount of sucrose reduction per minute for a given amount of yeast cells (inoculation amount: 1*106 CFU/mL). Bars and error bars correspond to means and …
(A, B) Population (A) and growth rate (B) of Y1 in monoculture and in the B2Y1 co-culture. (C–H) pH, carbon sources and metabolites during the fermentations of the monoculture and the co-culture. …
(A) Y1 population dynamics. (B) B2 population dynamics. (C–H) pH, carbon sources and metabolites during the fermentation. The initial Y1 inoculation was fixed as 1*106 CFU/mL but the B2 inoculation …
(A) Y1 population dynamics. (B) B2 population dynamics. (C–H) pH, carbon sources and metabolites during the fermentation. The initial B2 inoculation was fixed as 1*106 CFU/mL but the Y1 inoculation …
(A) Schematic illustration of a ten-species community involving B1-B5 and Y1-Y5 in a fermentation with 50 g/L of initial sucrose. (B–E) Population ratio (B), sucrose (C), ethanol (D), and acetate (E)…
Counting and metabolic data of the ten-species communities.
Counting and metabolic data of the two-species communities.
(A) Schematic illustration of a ten-species community involving B1-B5 and Y1-Y5 in a fermentation with 50 g/L of initial sucrose. (B–D) pH (B), glucose (C) and fructose (D) throughout the course of …
(A, B) B2 (A) and Y1(B) population dynamics throughout the fermentation. (C) The B2-to-Y1 ratio in the fermentation. (D–I) pH, carbon sources and metabolites throughout the course of the …
(A, B) B2 (A) and Y1(B) population dynamics during the fermentation. (C) The B2-to-Y1 ratio in the fermentation. (D–I) pH, carbon sources and metabolites during the fermentation driven by the core. …
Reagent type (species) or resource | Designation | Source or reference | Identifiers | Additional information |
---|---|---|---|---|
Commercial assay or kit | Fecal/soil Microbe Miniprep kit | ZYMO | Cat No./ID:D6010 | |
Commercial assay or kit | Gluconic acid Kit | Megazyme, Ireland | Cat No./ID:K-GATE | |
Sequence-based reagent | B-f | Huang et al., 2021 | PCR Primer | Forward primer used for amplifying bacterial DNA for Sanger sequencing |
Sequence-based reagent | B-r | Huang et al., 2021 | PCR Primer | Reverse primer used for amplifying bacterial DNA for Sanger sequencing |
Sequence-based reagent | NL-1 | Coton et al., 2017 | PCR Primer | Forward primer used for amplifying yeast DNA for Sanger sequencing |
Sequence-based reagent | NL-4 | Coton et al., 2017 | PCR Primer | Reverse primer used for amplifying yeast DNA for Sanger sequencing |
Software, algorithm | Canoco | Microcomputer Power, Ithaca, NY | Version 5.0 | |
Software, algorithm | SIMCA | Umetricus, Sweden | Version 14.1 |