(A) A two-layer microfluidic device with embedded single-cell traps, and syringes used for perfusion of the carrier oil phase and an aqueous suspension containing live motile cells. (B) 3D rendering …
(A) High-speed trajectories of single C. reinhardtii cells in circular traps of varying sizes (illustrating coverage over 5 min), overlaid with a 5-second representative trajectory (colour-coded by …
Note that the scaling of the probability density function is linear for CR and logarithmic for PO.
(A,B) Violin plots of pdfs of speed () across all cells, and all time points, for CR and PO. (Note the scaling of the pdfs is linear for CR, but logarithmic for PO.) (C,D) Time-averaged heatmaps …
Compared with CR, the curves are more irregular and the MSD curves show a more gradual increase toward the maximum.
Bivariate histograms of speed and radial position () across all cells, and all time points, for CR (C), and PO (D).
(A,B) Heatmaps of cell swimming speed over time, for CR and PO. (C) Time-averaged heatmaps of the cells’ centroid position overlaid with arrows showing the direction and strength of the probability …
Note that the pdfs are scaled linearly for CR and logarithmically for PO.
(A–G) For CR, distinct ciliary beat patterns and coordination states (A) produce different swimming trajectories (B), and a discrete sequence (C) of states (run, stop, tumble). For cells in 120 μm …
Error bars correspond to the standard errors (N = 5).
(A) Heatmaps of CR swimming speed over the course of a 20-min photoresponse assay, insets show short, representative timeseries in each phase. (B) The same for PO. (C) Population-averaged swimming …
(A) Example tracks from a bulk motility assay (see Materials and methods), immediately before (’normal motility phenotype’) and after addition of 50 mM KCl to the medium (‘chemically perturbed …
Example raw and smoothed trajectories for CR (A) and PO (B).
(B) CR cumulative reorientation for the same 20 s segment. (C) CR angular velocity for the same 20 s segment, with a tumble threshold of . (D) CR states for the same 20 s segment.
(A) PO cell velocity for a 20 s segment, with a run/stop threshold of 5 μms-1. (B) PO median movement over 9-frame windows for the same 20 s segment. (C) PO increases in cell median movement for the …
One sphere represents the cell body and the other models the stroke averaged shape of the flagella. To account for differences in the beating patterns of the two flagella the direction of motion is …
Videos show different timepoints for the same individual.
Videos show different timepoints for the same individual.
Ion | Pre-fusion | Post-fusion (with 10 mM KCl solution) |
---|---|---|
Na+ | 395 | 197 |
K+ | 8.33 | 9.17 |
Ca2+ | 8.75 | 4.38 |
Mg2+ | 44.5 | 22.3 |
Cl- | 459 | 230 |
SO42- | 23.6 | 11.8 |
NO3- | 1.1 | 0.6 |
HPO42- | 0.1 | negligible |