(A) Diagram of HVC maturation. In typically tutored birds, HVC sequences appear to grow and differentiate over time. (B) Example neural sequences recorded in a singing isolated bird (older juvenile, … see more
(A) Example HVC sequences recorded in a young isolated bird (59 dph) (B–F) Sequence properties as a function of age in seven juvenile isolated birds (five birds recorded prior to the closing of the … see more
(A) Reconstruction cost (red) and correlation cost (blue) as a function of λ (with K=10, L=0.5s) for eight datasets (pre-tutoring data from eight different birds). The crossover point, λ0, is … see more
Enlarged panel showing spectrogram, neural data, and seqNMF factorization for 6 s of pre-tutoring data.
(A) Example spectrograms for two non-learner birds, prior to tutoring and several weeks later (at least 77dph). (B) Example spectrograms for two learners, prior to tutoring, shortly after tutoring, … see more
Song spectrograms at different stages of development, and comparison to tutor song spectrogram. Colored bars match elements of the imitation to tutor song syllables.
Song spectrograms at different stages of development, and comparison to tutor song spectrogram.Colored bars match elements of the imitation to tutor song syllables.
(A) Neurons detected before (left) and after (right) tutoring shown in grayscale (CNMF_E algorithm). Colored contours indicate locations of neurons tracked across five days, from blue to red (B) … see more