Ecological lipidology

  1. Laura Christin Trautenberg
  2. Marko Brankatschk
  3. Andrej Shevchenko
  4. Stuart Wigby
  5. Klaus Reinhardt  Is a corresponding author
  1. Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
  2. Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Germany
  3. Applied Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
  4. Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
2 figures and 1 table

Figures

Lipids influence cell membrane properties.

Dietary lipids (DLs) integrate into cell membranes where they have vital cellular functions that ultimately influence reproductive fitness (see Table 1). Phosphoglycerolipids are polar, with a …

Specific lipid requirements may alter lipid flux through food webs.

Producer dietary lipids (DLs) (e.g., plant lipids A to C, left panel, lower section) are the source that consumers use in tailoring their lipid profiles to meet lipid-mediated body functions (black …

Tables

Table 1
Examples of specific dietary lipids affecting animal health and fitness traits.

Potential fitness effects for cellular and metabolic traits as well as the given or putative lipid activity (signalling S, membrane property M, or unknown ? changes) are given in brackets. Rat – Ratt…

DL treatment (vs. control)EFFECT of TREATMENTSPECIESSOURCE
CELLULAR TRAITS and METABOLISM
DHA C22:6 (vs. cholesterol)Modulates enterocyte miRNAi 107 expression (alteration of circadian rhythm), (S)Human Caco2 cell cultureDaimiel-Ruiz et al., 2015
5-PAHSA (vs. 9-PAHSA)Stimulates insulin secretion in the pancreas, facilitates glucose transport, anti-inflammatory (higher metabolic rate), (S)MouseYore et al., 2014*
DHA C22:6/EPA C20:5 (vs. other FAs incl. C14:0, C16:0)Stimulated insulin secretion, facilitates glucose transport, anti-inflammatory (higher metabolic rates), (S)MouseOh et al., 2013*
DHA C22:6 (vs. LA C18:2)Reduces mitochondrial activity (reduced metabolic rate, reduced oxidative stress), (S)Mammalian cellsSullivan et al., 2018*
Lard (vs. fish oil)Increases ROS production, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial fission (increased lifespan or reproduction), (S)Mouse, ratChen et al., 2012; Lionetti et al., 2014; Yu et al., 2014
PA C16:0, POA C16:1 (vs. OA C18:1, LA C18:2)Reduces growth of dividing cells (slow development), (S)Mouse, cell linesLien et al., 2021
DEFENCE, GROWTH, and DEVELOPMENT
Long-chained SFA (vs. SFA)Reduces growth hormone production (S)MouseLevi et al., 2015*
Fish oil (vs. lard)Reduces enteric damage during infections (M)MouseDeCoffe et al., 2016
Sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol (vs. cholesterol)Reduces body size and weight (S)FlyLavrynenko et al., 2015*
Brassicasterol, cholestanol, zymosterol, desmosterol (vs. sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, cholesterol)Prevents larval or pupal development because they were no precursors for ecdysteroid hormones (S)FlyLavrynenko et al., 2015
POA C16:1 (vs. OA C18:1, PA C16:0; AA C20:4; EPA C20:5; DHA C22:6)Modulates IGF1 signalling that controls growth and proliferation of white adipose tissue (S)MouseMeln et al., 2019
Plant PUFA (vs. yeast PUFA)Increases developmental rates at 12°C, reduces rates at high temperatures (S, M)FlyBrankatschk et al., 2018
PHYSIOLOGY, BEHAVIOUR, and HEALTH
MUFA (vs. SFA) n-3 PUFA (vs. n-6 PUFA)Reduces obesity (S, M)HumanMoussavi et al., 2008
EPA 20:5, DPA 22:5, DHA C22:6 (vs. ALA C18:3)Increases levels of long-chain n-3 PUFA (C20-22) in the blood thereby delaying mortality (S)HumanHarris et al., 2021
SFAs (vs. MUFAs)Modulates dopaminergic signalling thereby increasing locomotory activity (S)RatHryhorczuk et al., 2016
AA C20:4 and DGLA C20:3 (vs. EPA C20:5)Promotes resistance to starvation and extends lifespan by increased autophagy (S)WormO’Rourke et al., 2013
Enriched ALA C18:3 (vs. enriched LA C18:2)Prevents hibernation (?)Marmot Marmota flaviventrisHill and Florant, 2000
PUFA (vs. SFA)Individuals select colder areas that reduce body temperature (?)Several species of lizardSimandle et al., 2001
REPRODUCTION, FERTILITY, and FITNESS
Stigmasterol (vs. cholesterol, campesterol, or sitosterol)Reduces male fertility (S)Ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctataUgine et al., 2022b
Fish oil (vs. corn oil)Increases fertilising ability of sperm (M)Chicken Gallus domesticusBlesbois et al., 1997
Plant-based lipids (vs. yeast-based lipids)Delays sperm production, decreases sperm viability, reduces sperm ROS production rate, no effect on sperm osmotic stress resistance (S, M)FlyGuo and Reinhardt, 2020
DGLA C20:3 (vs. OA 18:1)Causes sterility via germ-cell ferroptosis (S)Worm, humanPerez et al., 2013
EPOA C20:5 (vs. ARA C20:4)No difference in clutch sizes (S)Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulexIlić et al., 2019
ALA C18:3 (vs. PA C16:0)Reduces reproductive rate, offspring size, and survival (S)Hydra, Hydra oligactisKaliszewicz et al., 2018
OA C18:1 (vs. LA C18:2, VCA C18:1, DGLA C20:3, EPA C20:5)Rescues mating-induced reduction in female lifespan (?)WormChoi et al., 2021
  1. AA – arachidonic acid, ALA – α-Linolenic acid, DGLA – bihomo-γ-linolenic acid, DHA – docosahexaenoic acid, DPA – docosapentaenoic acid, EPA – eicosapentaenoic acid, LA – linoleic acid, OA – oleic acid, PA – palmitic acid, PAHSA – palmitic acid esters of hydroxystearic acid, POA – palmitoleic acid, VCA – cis-vaccenic acid.

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