Review Articles

Latest articles

1. 1. Computational and Systems Biology
   2. Medicine

   Critique of impure reason: Unveiling the reasoning behaviour of medical large language models

   Shamus Zi Yang Sim, Tyrone Chen

   A survey of reasoning behaviour in medical large language models uncovers emerging trends, highlights open challenges, and introduces theoretical frameworks that enhance reasoning behaviour transparency, ultimately fostering greater trust among clinicians, developers, and patients in their deployment.
2. 1. Genetics and Genomics

   Rewiring the bone marrow: Evolution and the transcriptional architecture of trained immunity

   Sarah J Sun, Raúl Aguirre-Gamboa, Luis B Barreiro

   Hematopoietic reprogramming reflects the selective and evolutionarily conserved engagement of transcription factor networks that encode innate immune memory in long-lived stem cells.
3. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

   Resident memory macrophages and trained innate immunity at barrier tissues

   Alisha Kang, Michael D'Agostino ... Zhou Xing

   The increasing knowledge of barrier tissue-resident memory macrophages and trained innate immunity (TII) will help develop both nontarget-specific and target-specific TII-based vaccine strategies.
4. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

   Metabolic regulation of immune memory and function of microglia

   Nikolaos Nirakis, Sofia Dimothyra ... Vasileia Ismini Alexaki

   Cell metabolic processes, particularly glucose, glutamine, and lipid metabolism, orchestrate inflammatory responses and promote epigenetic changes shaping microglia immune memory.
5. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

   Trained immunity in skin infections: Macrophages and beyond

   Vitka Gres, Merve Göcer ... Philipp Henneke

   Review of the emerging understanding of trained immunity in the skin and how infection-driven cellular processes induce long-lasting immune adaptation and modulate skin barrier integrity.
6. 1. Epidemiology and Global Health
   2. Genetics and Genomics

   Understanding the global rise of artemisinin resistance: Insights from over 100,000 Plasmodium falciparum samples

   Andrew J Balmer, Nina FD White ... Cristina Ariani

   Spatiotemporal analysis of global kelch13 surveillance data reveals that artemisinin resistance is increasing in East Africa, mirroring patterns previously observed in Southeast Asia.
7. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

   Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells as a reservoir for trained immunity

   Brandon T Tran, Vidthiya Jeyanathan ... Katherine Y King

   Inflammation supports selection, differentiation bias, and epigenetic reprogramming of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to generate innate immune memory.
8. 1. Immunology and Inflammation

   Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the trained immunity era

   Lena Alexopoulou, Magali Irla

   Toll-like receptors (TLRs) shape trained immunity, balancing infection responses and chronic inflammation, and TLR agonists are promising immunomodulators for infectious diseases and cancer.
9. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
   2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

   Innate immunity and training to subvert original antigenic sin by the humoral immune response

   Faez Amokrane Nait Mohamed, Daniel Lingwood

   It is proposed that innate immune cells are positioned to activate the naïve B cell repertoire and rational application of training stimuli could enforce this, offsetting original antigenic sin, wherein recall of ‘off-target’ B cell memory can obscure vaccine effectiveness.
10. 1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Trained immunity in the lung

    Elina Idiiatullina, Dane Parker

    Several studies have now demonstrated that trained immunity occurs in the airways to several pathogens and products, while its utility is yet to be determined.