Oligodendrocyte-mediated myelin plasticity and its role in neural synchronization
- National Institute of Mental Health, United States
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, United States
Abstract
Temporal synchrony of signals arriving from different neurons or brain regions is essential for proper neural processing. Nevertheless, it is not well understood how such synchrony is achieved and maintained in a complex network of time-delayed neural interactions. Myelin plasticity, accomplished by oligodendrocytes (OLs), has been suggested as an efficient mechanism for controlling timing in brain communications through adaptive changes of axonal conduction velocity and consequently conduction time delays, or latencies; however, local rules and feedback mechanisms that OLs use to achieve synchronization are not known. We propose a mathematical model of oligodendrocyte-mediated myelin plasticity (OMP) in which OLs play an active role in providing such feedback. This is achieved without using arrival times at the synapse or modulatory signaling from astrocytes; instead, it relies on the presence of global and transient OL responses to local action potentials in the axons they myelinate. While inspired by OL morphology, we provide the theoretical underpinnings that motivated the model and explore its performance for a wide range of its parameters. Our results indicate that when the characteristic time of OL’s transient intracellular responses to neural spikes is between 10 and 40 ms and the firing rates in individual axons are relatively low (⪅ 10 Hz), the OMP model efficiently synchronizes correlated and time-locked signals while latencies in axons carrying independent signals are unaffected. This suggests a novel form of selective synchronization in the CNS in which oligodendrocytes play an active role by modulating the conduction delays of correlated spike trains as they traverse to their targets.
Data availability
All results shown in our figures are produced via computer simulations of our model. The code and the scripts that generated these results are provided on GitHub https://github.com/pajevic/OMPmodel. The only data shown that are not the result of our simulations are the images in panels A and B of Figure 1, which are reused with permission, as they also appeared in another publication.
Article and author information
Author details
Funding
Intramural Research Program of NIMH/NIH (ZIAMH002797)
- Dietmar Plenz
Intramural Research Program of NICHD/NIH (ZIAHD000713)
- R Douglas Fields
Intramural Research Program of NICHD/NIH (1ZIAHD008972-04)
- Peter J Basser
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Reviewing Editor
- Inna Slutsky, Tel Aviv University, Israel
Version history
- Preprint posted: July 3, 2022 (view preprint)
- Received: July 19, 2022
- Accepted: March 15, 2023
- Accepted Manuscript published: March 28, 2023 (version 1)
- Version of Record published: April 26, 2023 (version 2)
Copyright
This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
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Oligodendrocyte-mediated myelin plasticity and its role in neural synchronization
eLife 12:e81982.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.81982
