Neuroelectrophysiology-compatible electrolytic lesioning

  1. Iliana E Bray
  2. Stephen E Clarke
  3. Kerriann M Casey
  4. Paul Nuyujukian  Is a corresponding author
  5. for the Brain Interfacing Laboratory
  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, United States
  2. Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, United States
  3. Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, United States
  4. Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, United States
  5. Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, United States
  6. Bio-X, Stanford University, United States
8 figures and 3 additional files

Figures

Figure 1 with 1 supplement
The circuit diagram for the electrolytic lesioning device.

An op-amp is used in a negative feedback loop to maintain a constant current through the two electrodes in the brain (RL). The op-amp was implemented as suggested by its accompanying evaluation kit …

Figure 1—figure supplement 1
Connection diagram of the experimental setup for creating electrolytic lesions.
Figure 2 with 1 supplement
Ex vivo testing to calibrate lesion parameters.

(A) Ex vivo demonstration of the electrolytic lesion technique in unfixed sheep cerebral cortex using an intracortical Utah microelectrode array. Sustained delivery of 250 μA of direct current for …

Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Locations of the electrodes used to lesion and the relative size ofthe lesion area to the array area for the testing in Figure 2.

(A) Diagram of the location of the twoelectrodes used to create the lesion in Figure 2A, B. (B) Area visible from the cortical surface of thelesion in Figure 2A, B relative to the area of a Utah …

Figure 3 with 1 supplement
In vivo testing to further calibrate lesion parameters.

(A) H&E stained slice from an in vivo demonstration of the lesioning technique in pig cerebral cortex. 150 μA direct current passed through two adjacent electrodes (400 μm spacing) for 1 min …

Figure 3—figure supplement 1
The H&E stained slice from Figure 3A, with the conical region of damaged parenchyma outlined with a dashed white line for clarity.

As stated in the caption for Figure 3A, this is from an in vivo demonstration of the lesioning technique in pig cerebral cortex, when 150 μA direct current was passed through two adjacent electrodes …

Estimated lesion volumes from lesions created in ex vivo sheep and pig cortex.

All volumes were cavitations in cortex and were estimated assuming a conical lesion volume. (A) Estimated volumes are shown with black dots for each direct current amplitude and duration pairing. (B)…

Estimated lesion volumes from lesions created in in vivo pig cortex for a subset of direct current amplitude and duration pairings.

For rarefied tissue damage, the lesion volume is indicated with a black dot, while for cavitation damage, the volume is indicated with a blue dot. Estimated lesion volumes were calculated from …

Voltage and current traces from seven representative lesions in an awake-behaving rhesus macaque (Monkey H).

Lesions are shown in chronological order and are labeled with an experimental ID in the form SYYMMDD, where S indicates the animal, followed by the date. Traces only capture the values while the …

Electrolytic lesions perturb neuron populations while maintaining stable recordings.

(A) A representative comparison of recorded action potential waveforms, before and after the first lesion in Monkey U (top) and the sixth lesion in Monkey H (bottom). The location of the lesion …

Ex vivo testing in rabbit cortex using a linear multielectrode probe.

Surface penetration locations for the five lesions made with a linear multielectrode probe are marked on rabbit cortex, with corresponding voltage traces (A) and current traces (B) arranged …

Additional files

Supplementary file 1

Lesion parameters used for ex vivo testing.

Voltage was monitored with a voltmeter during lesioning, and notes were collected about the voltage. Tests that were performed solely to understand the effect of impacting and removing the microelectrode array without passing any current to create an electrolytic lesion are indicated with N/A for the current value. One ex vivo brain was used for all testing on 180702, and two ex vivo brains were used on each of the other two dates.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/84385/elife-84385-supp1-v1.zip
Supplementary file 2

Lesion parameters used for in vivo testing.

Voltage was monitored with a voltmeter during lesioning, and notes were collected about the voltage. Tests that were performed solely to understand the effect of impacting and removing the microelectrode array without passing any current to create an electrolytic lesion are indicated with N/A for the current value. One animal was used for all testing on a given date.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/84385/elife-84385-supp2-v1.zip
MDAR checklist
https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/84385/elife-84385-mdarchecklist1-v1.pdf

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