100 years of anthropogenic impact causes changes in freshwater functional biodiversity

CCA loadings calculated with sparse canonical correlation analysis for biocides (A) and climate variables (B). The categories of biocides are insecticides, fungicides, pesticides and herbicides. The environmental variables are mean minimum temperature, maximum daily precipitation, highest recorded temperature, mean summer temperature, summer precipitation, annual total precipitation, summer atmospheric pressure and lowest recorded temperature.

Summary of correlations between taxonomic units identified through the five barcodes (18S, 16SV1, 16SV4, rbc, and COI) and environmental variables, including biocides and climate factors. The taxonomic name and the number of significant correlations between a taxonomic unit and environmental variables, is followed by a correlation value, associated p-adjusted value and recall rate for each variable. The taxonomic units are reported at the lowest taxonomic assignment possible (f – family; o – order; c- class; p – phylum; null - unassigned). Results are collated per barcode, each in a separate tab. The last tab lists only taxonomic units that significantly correlated with the environmental variables based on the combined criteria of Pearson correlation value greater than 0.5, adjusted P-value smaller than 0.05 and recall rate greater than 0.5 along with the direction of the correlation.

The biocides showing significant joint effect with climate variables are ranked based on their correlation coefficient. The barcode and identified families that are affected by the joint effect of a climate variable and biocides type are shown. The order in which the biocide types are ranked is the same used to plot Figure 5.

Dating record for Lake Ring, climate data collected from a weather station adjacent to the lake, and sales records for biocides are shown. The year of sampling (year), the sample ID, the depth of the sediment layer measured in centimetres (Depth), climate variables (annual mean temperature °C, summer mean temperature °C, mean minimum temperature °C, mean maximum temperature °C, highest recorded temperature °C, lowest recorded temperature °C, mean atmospheric pressure hPa, summer mean atmospheric presure hPa, annual total precipitation mm, summer precipitation mm, maximum daily precipitation mm, No. of days with snow cover, annual mean cloud cover, and summer mean cloud cover) and record of biocides sales between the 1950s and 2016 in tonnes/year and separated per class (insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and pesticides).

(1) PCR1 primers with bibliographic references, expected fragment size (bp), annealing temperature (°C) and primer sequences (in black) with overhang to prime the sequencing flow cell; (2) PCR2 primers consisting of Nextera adapters, universal tail and overhang sequence.