Associative memory neurons of encoding multi-modal signals are recruited by neuroligin-3-mediated new synapse formation
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Figures
Figure 1
The pair-stimulations of the whisker stimulus (WS) with the odor stimulus (OS), the tail-heating stimulus (TS), and the gustatory stimulus (GS) sequentially lead to odorant-induced whisker motion versus whisking-induced olfactory response, tail-heating-induced whisker motion versus whisking-induced tail swing, and gustation-induced whisker motion versus whisking-induced taste response.
(A) The associative learning in C57BL/6JThy1-YFP mice was conducted by the pair-stimulations of the whisker tactile signal with the olfactory butyl acetate signal, the whisker tactile signal with …
Figure 2
Associative learning by pairing whisker stimulus (WS) with the odor stimulus (OS), WS with tail-heating stimulus (TS), and WS with gustatory stimulus (GS) induces synapse innervations from PC, S1-Tr, and GC to BC, as well as from BC to PC, S1-Tr, and GC.
(A) The AAV2/retro-CMV-EGFP and AAV2/8-CMV-tdTomato were microinjected into the barrel cortex. (B) EGFP-labeled neurons in the PC, S1-Tr, and GC in paired-stimulus group (PSG) mice and …
Figure 3
The convergent synapse innervations of neurons from the piriform cortex, gustatory cortex, and S1-Tr cortex onto barrel cortical neurons.
(A) Neuronal tracing was done by injecting AAV2/8-CMV-EBFP into the GC, AAV2/8-CMV-tdTomato into the PC, and AAV2/8-CMV-EGFP into the S1-Tr, and by detecting their presence in the BC. (B) The axon …
Figure 4
The barrel cortical neurons were responding to odor, tail-heating, and gustatory sucrose signals alongside the whisker tactile signal in paired-stimulus group (PSG) mice.
(A) A diagram illustrates a recording of local field potentials (LFPs) in the barrel cortex. (B) An example of barrel cortical neuron in response to butyl acetate, tail-heating, sucrose, and whisker …
Figure 5
The interconnections of the barrel cortex with the piriform, S1-Tr, and gustatory cortices enable this core of the barrel cortex constitute a linkage among piriform, S1-Tr, and gustatory cortices for the piriform cortex, the S1-Tr cortex, and the gustatory cortex to be indirectly interconnected.
(A) The barrel cortex can become the core station for the first-order and secondary-order associative memory. (B) The tail-heating or sucrose appears to induce the olfactory responses in …
Figure 6
Neuroligin-3 knockdown significantly downregulates the joint storage and the reciprocal retrieval of the associated signals.
(A) The downregulation of neuroligin-3 through short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) is expected to suppress the innervation of new synapses as well as the recruitment of associative memory neurons in the BC. (B…
Figure 7
The suppression of convergent synapse innervations on barrel cortical neurons by neuroligin-3 knockdown.
(A, D, G) AAV-DJ/8-EGFP was injected into the BC in scramble control mice and AAV-DJ/8-EGFP-U6-mNlgn3 was injected into the BC in neuroligin-3 short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) mice before training. …
Figure 8
The response of barrel cortical neurons to odor, tail-heating, and gustatory sucrose signals alongside the whisker tactile signal were downregulated in shNlgn3 mice.
(A) A diagram illustrates microinjection of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) and a recording of local field potentials (LFPs) in the barrel cortex. (B) An example of barrel cortical neuron in …
Figure 9
Barrel cortical neurons are recruited to be associative memory neurons in the hub-like core station, based on the synapse interconnections with piriform, S1-Tr, and gustatory cortices, in addition to their intramodal interconnection.
Molecular substrates for these cellular changes are based on the activity-dependent epigenetic processes and neuroligin-3-mediated synapse linkage. The associative learning by pairing the whisker …
