Chronic intermittent hypoxia reveals role of the Postinspiratory Complex in the mediation of normal swallow production
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States
Figures
Figure 1 with 2 supplements
Optogenetic stimulation of postinspiratory complex (PiCo)-specific ChATcre:Vglut2FlpO:ChR2 neurons triggers variable swallow motor patterns in mice exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH).
(A) Representative trace of water-triggered swallow. (B) Representative traces of PiCo-triggered swallows: (Bi) ‘Classic’ swallow with the preserved rostrocaudal sequence shown in the red arrows. (Bi…
Figure 1—figure supplement 1
No significant differences in swallow-breathing characteristics between water-triggered swallows and postinspiratory complex (PiCo)-triggered swallows in mice exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH).
(A) Line graph of swallow frequency in relation to the onset of inspiration for water swallows (red), ChATcre:Ai32 (green), Vglut2cre:Ai32 (purple), and ChATcre:Vglut2FlpO:ChR2 (gold). (B) Dot plot …
Figure 1—figure supplement 2
Chronic intermittent experimental protocol.
(A) Equipment setup for control and chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) protocols. Two plexiglass chambers supplied with a fan, oxygen sensor, and valves for compressed air and nitrogen. The top …
Figure 2
Optogenetic stimulation of postinspiratory complex (PiCo)-specific ChATcre:Vglut2FlpO:ChR2 neurons stimulates submental complex burst during laryngeal activation in mice exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH).
(A) Representative traces of PiCo-stimulated laryngeal activation with burst pattern submental complex activity. (B) Representative traces of laryngeal activation-related submental complex activity …
Figure 3 with 1 supplement
Optogenetic stimulation of postinspiratory complex (PiCo) neurons in mice exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) regulates swallow and laryngeal activation in a phase-specific manner.
(A) Scatter plot of the probability of triggering a swallow (left) or laryngeal activation (right) across the respiratory phase (0 start of inspiration, 1 start of next inspiration) in ChATcre:Ai32 …
Figure 3—figure supplement 1
Postinspiratory complex (PiCo)-triggered swallows reset the respiratory rhythm, while non-swallows have minimal effect, a concept not altered by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH).
Respiratory phase shifts plots were divided into two groups: swallow, PiCo activation that triggered a swallow, or non-swallow, PiCo activation that resulted in laryngeal activation or no motor …
Figure 4
Transfection of cholinergic/glutamatergic neurons in postinspiratory complex (PiCo) in ChATcre:Vglut2FlpO:ChR2 chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-exposed mice.
(A) Transverse hemisection through Bregma level (–6.7 mm) of the transfected neurons into PiCo bilaterally, left (A1) and right (A2), with the pAAV-hSyn Con/Fon hChR2(H134R)-EYFP vector. (B) …
Additional files
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Supplementary file 1
Means, standard deviations (SD), p-values, t-statistic (t), degrees of freedom (df), from a paired t-test; and the direction of change for swallow-related parameters when evoked by water (water swallows) and optogenetic stimulation of PiCo in (A) ChATcre:Ai32, (B) Vglut2cre:Ai32, and (C) ChATcre:Vglut2FlpO:ChR2 mice.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/92175/elife-92175-supp1-v2.xlsx
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Supplementary file 2
Means, standard deviations (SD), p-values, F-value, t-statistic (t), degrees of freedom (df), from an unpaired t-test; and the direction of change for swallow-related parameters between male and female mice during water swallows and PiCo-stimulated swallows in ChATcre:Ai32 mice.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/92175/elife-92175-supp2-v2.xlsx
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Supplementary file 3
Means, standard deviations (SD), p-values, F-value, t-statistic (t), degrees of freedom (df), from an unpaired t-test; and the direction of change for swallow-related parameters between male and female mice during water swallows and PiCo-stimulated swallows in Vglut2cre:Ai32 mice.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/92175/elife-92175-supp3-v2.xlsx
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Supplementary file 4
Means, standard deviations (SD), p-values, F-value, t-statistic (t), degrees of freedom (df), from an unpaired t-test; and the direction of change for swallow-related parameters between male and female mice during water swallows and PiCo-stimulated swallows in ChATcre:Vglut2FlpO:ChR2 mice.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/92175/elife-92175-supp4-v2.xlsx
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MDAR checklist
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/92175/elife-92175-mdarchecklist1-v2.docx
