The evolution of olfactory sensitivity, preferences, and behavioral responses in Mexican cavefish is influenced by fish personality
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS and University Paris-Saclay, France
Figures
Figure 1
Experimental setup for testing behavioral responses to olfactory stimulation in individual, 6-week-old, A. mexicanus larvae.
(A) Each fish is placed individually in 150 ml water in a rectangular test box placed on an infrared light emitting table. Control or odorant solution are delivered at the two extremities of the …
Figure 2 with 3 supplements
Basal swimming behaviors of 6-week-old cavefish (CF), surface fish (SF), and F2 hybrids (F2).
(A) Examples of typical and distinctive basal swimming patterns exhibited by A. mexicanus morphotypes. The behavioral patterns (random, wall following, circles, thigmotactism) and the individual …
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Figure 2—source data 1
Raw data file describing the mean swimming speed (averaged between the 10th and the 25th minute of recording) and the baseline swimming patterns of fish on the first day of experimental testing, after 1 hr or 24 hr of habituation.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/92861/elife-92861-fig2-data1-v1.zip
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Figure 2—source data 2
Raw data file describing the baseline swimming patterns of fish on 4 consecutive days of experimental testing (d1 to d4), after 24 hr of habituation.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/92861/elife-92861-fig2-data2-v1.zip
Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Correspondence analyses (CA) for assessment of behavioral pattern differences between morphs and behavioral pattern change after different stimuli.
Confident ellipses for each condition in the behavioral space are shown in blue for surface fish (SF), green for F2 hybrids, red for cavefish (CF). The conditions are indicated at the top of the …
Figure 2—figure supplement 2
Complete color code for the description of baseline swimming patterns.
The color code is also valid for all the following figures.
Figure 2—figure supplement 3
Stability of swimming patterns over time.
(A) Distribution of swimming patterns exhibited by surface fish (SF), F2 hybrids (F2), and cavefish (CF) (number of fish tested is indicated) along 4 testing days, with 24 hr habituation time. …
Figure 3 with 1 supplement
Controls on the olfactory setup and solution delivery method.
(A) Lack of behavioral response in a representative cavefish (CF) individual after injection of water on one side of the test box. (B) Lack of change in qualitative swimming pattern displayed by …
Figure 3—figure supplement 1
Additional controls for experimental design.
(A) Lack of change in swimming pattern displayed by surface fish (SF), cavefish (CF), and F2 hybrids (F2), before and after water injection on both sides. Fisher’s exact tests. (B) Global lack of …
Figure 4 with 2 supplements
Behavioral responses to alanine of 6-week-old cavefish (CF), surface fish (SF), and F2 hybrids (F2).
(A–C) Representative individual responses of CF, SF, and F2 after injection of alanine at the indicated concentrations. In the two left graphs of each panel, the blue color indicates the …
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Figure 4—source data 1
Raw data file describing behavioral responses of fish to various concentrations of different amino acids.
The position in the box, the swimming speed, the number of round trips in X and Y as well as the swimming patterns are given before (between the 10th and the 25th minute of recording) and after (between the 37th and the 52th minute of recording) odor injection.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/92861/elife-92861-fig4-data1-v1.zip
Figure 4—figure supplement 1
Additional examples of behavioral responses to alanine.
(A) Examples of cavefish (CF) responses to alanine 10–3 M (intermediate concentration). Note the reproducible switch in position toward the odorant side in the box (yellow shading) and the change in …
Figure 4—figure supplement 2
Correspondence analyses (CA) for assessment of behavioral pattern change after alanine injection.
Confident ellipses for each condition in the behavioral space are shown in blue for surface fish (SF), green for F2 hybrids, red for cavefish (CF). The conditions are indicated at the top of the …
Figure 5 with 2 supplements
Behavioral responses to serine and cysteine 10–2 M.
(A,B and H,I) Representative individual responses of cavefish (CF) and surface fish (SF) after injection of serine (A,B) or cysteine (H,I) at high concentration (10–2 M). In the two left graphs, the …
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Figure 5—source data 1
Raw data file describing behavioral responses of fish to various concentrations of different amino acids.
The position in the box, the swimming speed, the number of round trips in X and Y as well as the swimming patterns are given before (between the 10th and the 25th minute of recording) and after (between the 37th and the 52th minute of recording) odor injection.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/92861/elife-92861-fig5-data1-v1.zip
Figure 5—figure supplement 1
Additional examples of behavioral responses to serine and cysteine.
(A) Responses to serine 10–2 M (high concentration). Note the change in behavioral pattern and position in the box observed in cavefish (CF) and F2 hybrids (F2) but not in surface fish (SF). The two …
Figure 5—figure supplement 2
Correspondence analyses (CA) for assessment of behavioral pattern change after serine and cysteine injection.
Confident ellipses for each condition in the behavioral space are shown in blue for surface fish (SF), green for F2 hybrids, red for cavefish (CF). The conditions are indicated at the top of the …
Figure 6 with 2 supplements
Behavioral responses to lysine, histine, and leucine 10–2 M.
(A–D) Box plots showing swimming speed (A), mean position along the X-axis (B), and the number of back-and-forth trips in X and Y (CD) in surface fish (SF) (blue), cavefish (CF) (red), and F2 …
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Figure 6—source data 1
Raw data file describing behavioral responses of fish to various concentrations of different amino acids.
The position in the box, the swimming speed, the number of round trips in X and Y, as well as the swimming patterns are given before (between the 10th and the 25th minute of recording) and after (between the 37th and the 52th minute of recording) odor injection.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/92861/elife-92861-fig6-data1-v1.zip
Figure 6—figure supplement 1
Examples of behavioral responses to lysine (ABC), histidine (DEF), and leucine (GHI) 10–2 M (high concentration).
In each panel, in the two left graphs, the blue color indicates the water/control injection side. The lysine injection side is shown in red, the histidine injection side is yellow, the leucine …
Figure 6—figure supplement 2
Correspondence analyses (CA) for assessment of behavioral pattern change after lysine, histidine, and leucine injection.
Confident ellipses for each condition in the behavioral space are shown in blue for surface fish (SF), green for F2 hybrids, red for cavefish (CF). The conditions are indicated at the top of the …
Figure 7 with 1 supplement
Individual olfactory scores of surface fish (SF), cavefish (CF), and F2 hybrids (F2) for different odors.
(A) Graphs representing index values (i.e. the variation between the ‘before’ and the ‘after’ odor condition; the value 0 corresponds to no change) for the four response parameters (speed, …
Figure 7—figure supplement 1
Individual olfactory scores of surface fish (SF), cavefish (CF), and F2 hybrids (F2) in control and experimental conditions.
The graphs represent index values for the four response parameters used to calculate the total individual olfactory score for each fish. Each fish is depicted by a colored line linking its four …
Figure 8 with 1 supplement
The individual olfactory score is related to individual fish swimming personality.
(A) Box plots showing individual olfactory scores in surface fish (SF) (blue), F2 hybrids (F2) (green), and cavefish (CF) (red) as a function of their individual baseline swimming pattern. As stated …
Figure 8—figure supplement 1
Relationships between the number of round trip in X and the olfactory score.
(A) Regressions to explore the correlation between baseline number of round trips in X displayed by individual fish before odor injection and their individual olfactory score. Fish and amino acid …
Videos
Video 1
Infra-red video recorded for 4 CF, showing 30 sec of baseline behavior before odor injection, and 30 sec of olfactory response after injection of alanine 10-3 M on the left.
Additional files
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MDAR checklist
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/92861/elife-92861-mdarchecklist1-v1.docx
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Supplementary file 1
Summary of the results.
(A) Population level summary. For each amino acid and each concentration tested, arrows indicate whether the considered parameter has changed (increased or decreased). ns indicates no significant change, - indicates the condition was not tested in the fish type (SF in blue, CF in red, F2 in green). (B) Individual level summary. The percentage of fish displaying an individual olfactory score superior to 1.5 is indicated.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/92861/elife-92861-supp1-v1.pdf
