(A) Anatomical location of intracerebral electrodes across the 16 epileptic patients. Anterior insula (aINS, n=75), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC, n=70), lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC, …
(A) Number of unique subjects per brain region and per pair of brain regions (B) Number of bipolar derivations per subject and per brain region.
Single-subject trial-wise reward prediction error (PE) (Reward prediction error, RPE - blue) and punishment PE (PPE - red), ±95% confidence interval.
(A) Time-courses of mutual information (MI in bits) estimated between the gamma power and the reward (blue) and punishment (red) prediction error (PE) signals. The solid line and the shaded area …
(A) Distribution of information in the anterior insula (aINS), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC), and vmPFC about the R/punishment prediction error (PPE) in …
Time-courses of the proportion of unique subjects having at least one bipolar derivation with a significant encoding (p<0.05, cluster-based correction, non-parametric randomization across epochs) of …
Dynamic interaction information (II in bits) within- (A) and between-regions (B) about the RPE (IIRPE) and PPE (IIPPE) are plotted in blue and red. Significant clusters of IIRPE and IIPPE are …
Time-courses of the proportion of unique subjects having at least one pair of bipolar derivation with significant interaction information (p<0.05, cluster-based correction, non-parametric …
Time courses of transfer entropy (TE, in bits) from the anterior insula (aINS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) (aINS→dlPFC) and from the vmPFC to the lateral orbitofrontal cortex …
Modulation of transfer entropy (TE in bits), estimated across all pairs of contacts per participant, as a function of the delay between source and target areas. The delay represents the number of …
Time courses of transfer entropy (TE, in bits) are estimated during the rewarding condition (TERew in blue) and punishing condition (TEPun in red). Significant differences (p<0.05, cluster-based …
(A) Dynamic interaction information (II in bits) between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and vmPFC about the full prediction error (IIdlPFC-vmPFC). Hot and cold colors indicate synergy- …
Dynamic interaction information (II in bits) between-regions about the full prediction error (IIPE). Hot and cold colors indicate synergy- and redundancy-dominated interactions about the full PE. …
We binned the II about the full prediction error (PE) (i.e. by concatenating the reward prediction error, RPE and punishment prediction error, PPE) according to the local specificity of the bipolar …
We performed a simulation to demonstrate that synergistic interactions can emerge between two regions with the same specificity. For example, consider one region that locally encodes early trials of …
The four nodes represent the investigated regions, namely the anterior insula (aINS), the dorsolateral and ventromedial parts of the prefrontal cortex (dlPFC and vmPFC, and the lateral orbitofrontal …
(A) Number of unique subject per brain region and per pair of brain regions. (B) Number of bipolar derivations per subject and per brain region.
Single-subject trial-wise reward PE (RPE - blue) and punishment PE (PPE - red), ± 95% confidence interval.
Within-area local encoding of PE using the mutual information (MI, in bits) for regions X and Y and between-area interaction information (II, in bits) leading to (A) redundant interactions and (B) …
Single-subject trial-wise reward PE (RPE - blue) and punishment PE (PPE - red), ± 95% confidence interval.
Single-subject trial-wise reward PE (RPE - blue) and punishment PE (PPE - red).
Time courses of MI estimated between the gamma power and both RPE (blue) and PPE (red) using either early or late trials (first and second row, respectively). Horizontal thick lines represent …
(A) Number of unique subject per brain region and per pair of brain regions. (B) Number of bipolar derivations per subject and per brain region.
T-value | p-value | p-value(FDR corrected) | dof | CI 95% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IIPPE-RPE | 2859 | 0.007** | 0.015* | 34 | [6.5e-05, 3.9e-04] |
IIMixed | 2841 | 0.008** | 0.015* | 33 | [5.4e-05, 3.3e-04] |
IIPPE-PPE | 1,25 | 0.2667 | 0.3556 | 5 | [–7.1e-05, 2.1e-04] |
IIRPE-RPE | 0733 | 0.4912 | 0.4912 | 6 | [–3.1e-05, 5.8e-05] |