Overview of single-cell analysis of the experimental samples.

(a) Schematic overview of the study design. (b) Results of effective cell identification. (c) Percentage of 23 clusters in EA and CON groups. (d) T-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) of the transcriptome from cells of the CON and EA groups. CON, control; EA, electroacupuncture.

Results of the cell type identification.

(a) Dot plot heatmap of the marker genes in individual clusters. (b) Cell type identification T-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) diagram. (c) The violin plot shows the expression of marker genes of eight cells. CON, control; EA, electroacupuncture.

Differential gene and enrichment analysis results of the endothelial cells.

(a) Differential gene volcano map. (b) Histogram of the KEGG analysis results. (c) Histogram of the GO analysis results. GO, Gene Ontology; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.

Gene set enrichment analysis results.

Eight pathways are shown.

Differential gene and enrichment analysis results of astrocytes.

(a) Differential gene volcano map. (b) Histogram of KEGG analysis results. (c) Histogram of GO analysis results. GO, Gene Ontology; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.

Differential gene and enrichment analysis results of the microglia.

(a) Differential gene volcano map. (b) Histogram of KEGG analysis results. (c) Histogram of GO analysis results. GO, Gene Ontology; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.

Subgroup clustering and functional enrichment of endothelial cells.

(a) Endothelial cell subset analysis in the two groups. (b) The top 10 characteristic expression genes of the four subgroups. (c–f) The GO and KEGG results of the characteristic expression genes of the four subgroups. The histogram of GO results show that the number of enriched genes was ranked in the top 20, and q < 0.05. The histogram and bubble diagram of the KEGG results show the top 20 terms of the number of enriched genes and the 20 terms with the smallest P-value, respectively. GO, Gene Ontology; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.