Figures and data


Demographics, clinical, psychological characteristics of patients with and without suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Task design, outcome and time effects on mood, and group differences in mood.
A) Gambling task with mood ratings. On each trial, participants were asked to choose between a certain option and a gambling option (self-paced). Once selected, the chosen option was highlighted in yellow for 500 ms. Then the corresponding outcome was displayed in the center of the screen for 1000 ms. The cumulated score was always shown in the right-upper corner. Every 2 to 3 trials, participants were asked to complete a self-paced rating of their happiness, answering the question “How happy are you at the moment” on a slider from 0 (very unhappy) to 100 (very happy). B) Patients and healthy controls felt happier after winning than losing. C) Mood drifted over time. D) Group difference in mood before the task show weakened mood in S+. E) Group difference in average mood displays lower mood experience in S+. The grey dots represent the winning model predictions. F) Mood variance was similar for all the three groups, as indexed by standard deviation of happiness ratings across the task. G) Each group earned about the same amount of point by the end of the task. Abbreviations: HC, healthy control; S−, patients without suicidal thoughts and behavior; S+, patients with suicidal thoughts and behavior; *p<0.05. Error bars correspond to the standard error.

Choice results.
A) Group differences in gambling behavior. The grey dots represent the winning model prediction. B) Positive correlation between Suicidal Ideation score at current time (BSI-C) and gambling behavior in patients. The lighter, semi-transparent dots represent individual participants, while the dark dot with an error bar indicates the mean of binned scores (for illustration purposes only). C) The estimated parameters from the winning choice model differed across groups. S+ exhibited stronger approach motivation than S- and HC. D) The mediation model among the BSI-C, βgain, and gambling behavior in the gain condition among patients. The approach parameter mediated the effects of BSI-C on increased gambling behavior in the gain condition.
Abbreviations: HC, healthy control; S−, patients without suicidal thoughts and behavior; S+, patients with suicidal thoughts and behavior; BSI-C, Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation at the current time; *p<0.05.

Choice model comparison.

Mood model comparison.

Effect of Suicidal thoughts and behavior on mood dynamics.
A) Group difference in mood baseline, β0. B) Group differences in mood sensitivity to certain reward (CR) and gamble reward (GR). C) Correlation between Suicidal Ideation score at current time BSI-C and mood sensitivity to CR. D) Correlational difference in S- and S+ between mood sensitivity to CR and gambling behavior. Abbreviations: CR, certain reward; GR, gamble reward; HC, healthy control; S−, patients without suicidal thoughts and behavior; S+, patients with suicidal thoughts and behavior; BSI-C, Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation at the current time; *p<0.05.

Validation of suicidal-related results in an independent dataset of healthy populations (n = 747).
A) Group difference in gambling behavior in the gain domain. B) The estimated parameters from the winning choice model (pseudo R2 = 0.479) differed across groups, with higher approach behavior for S+. C) The mediation model among the group, β gain, and gambling behavior in the gain condition. The approach parameter mediated the group effect on increased gambling behavior in the gain condition. D) Group difference in mood before the task show weakened mood in S+. E) Group difference in average mood displays lower mood experience in S+. FG) The estimated parameters from CR-GR mood model (mean R2 = 0.588). F) Group difference in mood baseline, β0. G) Group differences in mood sensitivity to certain reward (CR) and gamble reward (GR). Abbreviations: S−, healthy participants without suicidal thoughts and behavior; S+, healthy participants with suicidal thoughts and behavior; *p<0.05, + p<0.1.