Clinical features of the study subjects

Results were analyzed using unpaired T-test with Welch’s correction. Results are presented as median and interquartile ranges (IQR).

Histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone of the study subjects

Results were analyzed using unpaired T-test with Welch’s correction and are presented as median and interquartile ranges (IQR).

Gene expression analysis in trabecular bone samples. (A) SOST mRNA levels resulted higher in T2D subjects versus Nondiabetic subjects (p<0.0001). (B) DKK-1 mRNA expression level was not different between groups (p=0.2022). (C) LEF-1 mRNA levels resulted lower in T2D subjects versus nondiabetics subjects (p=0.0136). (D) WNT10B mRNA expression level was lower in T2D subjects versus nondiabetic subjects (p=0.0302). (E) WNT5A mRNA resulted higher in T2D subjects versus nondiabetics subjects (p=0.0232). (F) COL1A1 mRNA levels resulted lower in T2D subjects versus Nondiabetic subjects (p=0.0482). Data are expressed as logarithmic scale. Medians and interquartile ranges, differences between non-diabetics and T2D subjects were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test.

Relationship between AGEs (äg quinine/g collagen) bone content and mRNA level of the Wnt signaling key genes in T2D and non-diabetic subjects. (A) LEF-1 negatively correlated with AGEs (r=-0.7500; p=0.0255). (B) COL1A1 negatively correlated with AGEs (r=-0.9762; p=0.0004). (C) SOST mRNA level expression positively correlated with AGEs (r=0.9231; p<0.0001). (D) WNT5A mRNA expression level positively correlated with AGEs (r=0.6751; p=0.0322). (E) WNT10B mRNA expression level was not correlated with AGEs (r=-0.4883; p=0.1938). (F) DKK1 mRNA expression level was not correlated with AGEs (r=0.0476; p=0.9349). Data were analyzed using nonparametric Spearman correlation analysis and r represents the correlation coefficient.

Relationship between fasting glucose levels (mg/dl) and disease duration with SOST and WNT5A mRNA levels. (A) SOST positively correlated with fasting glucose levels (r=0.4846; p=0.0043). (B) SOST positively correlated with disease duration (r=0.7107; p=0.0174). (C) WNT5A positively correlated with fasting glucose levels (r=0.5589; p=0.0037). Data were analyzed using nonparametric Spearman correlation analysis and r represents the correlation coefficient.

Relationship between fasting glucose levels (mg/dl) and LEF-1, WNT5A, WNT10B, DKK-1, COL1A1 mRNA levels. (A-E) Data showed no correlation between fasting glucose levels (mg/dl) and (A) LEF-1 (r=-0.3649; p=0.0613), (B) WNT10B (r=-0.0041; p=0.9863), (C) COL1A1 (r=-0.1157; p=0.5354), (D) DKK-1 (r=-0.0947; p=0.6522) mRNA levels. Data were analyzed using nonparametric Spearman correlation analysis and r represents the correlation coefficient.