Left a) – surface CAD meshes for the VHP-Female model (with some muscles removed for purposes of visualization); and right – examples of passive femoral implants embedded into the model. Figs. 1b-d at top right – physical femoral implants; Figs. 1e-g at center and bottom – anatomically justified CAD realization within the virtual human VHP-Female. An Austin Moore implant is shown in Fig. 1b; a short proximal femoral nail with the proximal hip (a large femoral neck screw) is given in Fig. 1c; a long proximal femoral nail with the proximal hip is presented in Fig. 1d.

Left – VHP-Female computational phantom positioned within a 1.5 T MRI birdcage coil at the abdominal landmark. Right - power loss density in W/m3 in the coil for the b) Austin Moore and c) femoral nail implants.

Ansys Workbench modeling workflow consisting of the HFSS (electromagnetic) module labeled as A and B, and the transient thermal module labeled D. Thermal material properties are contained in module C.

Top – long femoral nail subject to three repetitions of 15 minutes exposure followed by 5 minutes of rest for 1 hour in total. Center – temperature contour plot in a cut plane roughly bisecting the embedded femoral implant at the end of the last heating cycle. Bottom – temperature rise profile at the temperature probe. Only the bone is shown but the computations are performed for the entire model.

Liver experiment setup: E-field distribution in the plane of the resonant loop and SAR distribution within liver in a plane passing through the tip of the lead. Bottom left – lesion in a section of ex-vivo bovine liver created with heating at the tip of a 16 gauge (1.3 mm) bare copper wire needle in about 1.5 min [39].