Figures and data
![](https://prod--epp.elifesciences.org/iiif/2/93260%2Fv2%2Fcontent%2F23295907v3_tbl1.tif/full/max/0/default.jpg)
![](https://prod--epp.elifesciences.org/iiif/2/93260%2Fv2%2Fcontent%2F23295907v3_tbl1a.tif/full/max/0/default.jpg)
![](https://prod--epp.elifesciences.org/iiif/2/93260%2Fv2%2Fcontent%2F23295907v3_tbl1b.tif/full/max/0/default.jpg)
Characteristics of the epigenetic subsample (1,267 mother–newborn pairs) from the CHILD, FAMILY, START cohorts.
![](https://prod--epp.elifesciences.org/iiif/2/93260%2Fv2%2Fcontent%2F23295907v3_fig1.tif/full/max/0/default.jpg)
Schematic overview of the analytical pipeline for the cord blood DNAm maternal smoking score and association study.
* indicates cohort sample size including those with missing smoking history.
![](https://prod--epp.elifesciences.org/iiif/2/93260%2Fv2%2Fcontent%2F23295907v3_fig2.tif/full/max/0/default.jpg)
Manhattan plots of the meta-analyzed association between cord blood DNAm and maternal smoking in Europeans.
Manhattan plots summarized the meta-analyzed association p-values between cord blood DNA methylation levels and current maternal smoking (A) or smoking exposure (B) at a common set of 2,114 CpG sites. The red line denotes the smallest -log10(p-value) that is below the FDR correction threshold of 0.05. The red dots represent established associations with maternal smoking reported in Joubert and colleagues (19).
![](https://prod--epp.elifesciences.org/iiif/2/93260%2Fv2%2Fcontent%2F23295907v3_tbl2.tif/full/max/0/default.jpg)
Meta-analysis results of association between CpGs and maternal smoking and smoking exposure that passed a marginal p < 0.05 threshold after the false discovery rate correction in European cohorts.
![](https://prod--epp.elifesciences.org/iiif/2/93260%2Fv2%2Fcontent%2F23295907v3_fig3.tif/full/max/0/default.jpg)
Relationships between maternal smoking MRS and maternal smoking history categories for each of the studies.
Maternal smoking methylation score (y-axis) was shown as a function of maternal smoking history (x-axis) in levels of severity for prenatal exposure for each study. Each severity level was compared to the never-smoking group and the corresponding two-sample t-test p-value was reported. The analysis of variance via an F-test p-value was used to indicate whether a mean difference in methylation score was present among all smoking history categories. The sample size for START cohort was provided due to the low counts in categories of any smoking.
![](https://prod--epp.elifesciences.org/iiif/2/93260%2Fv2%2Fcontent%2F23295907v3_tbl3.tif/full/max/0/default.jpg)