Phosphoprotein SAK1 is a regulator of acclimation to singlet oxygen in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

  1. Setsuko Wakao
  2. Brian L Chin
  3. Heidi K Ledford
  4. Rachel M Dent
  5. David Casero
  6. Matteo Pellegrini
  7. Sabeeha S Merchant
  8. Krishna K Niyogi  Is a corresponding author
  1. University of California, Berkeley, United States
  2. University of California, Los Angeles, United States
  3. Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
  4. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States
  5. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States
6 figures, 10 tables and 1 additional file

Figures

Figure 1 with 1 supplement
The sak1 mutant is defective in singlet oxygen acclimation.

(A) Acclimation phenotype of WT and sak1. The cells were pretreated in the dark (−) or under light (+) in the presence of rose bengal (RB), which requires light for generation of 1O2. Pretreatment was followed by a subsequent higher concentration of RB (Challenge) as indicated under light. (B) Cells grown in low light were either kept in low light (−) or transferred to high light (+) for an hour before challenge in the light with increasing RB concentrations. (C) Fv/Fm values were measured after each time point indicated. Pretreatment (PreT) with 0.5 μM RB was applied for 30 min with (+PreT) or without (−PreT) light. After the pretreatment, RB was added to both dark and light samples to a final concentration of 3.75 μM RB (challenge), and Fv/Fm was measured for 90 min at 30 min intervals (total 120 min). First arrow: addition of pretreatment; second arrow: addition of challenge. (D) sak1 has wild-type sensitivity to other photo-oxidative stresses. Serial dilutions of WT and sak1 were spotted onto minimal (HS) plates at the indicated light intensity or on TAP plates containing the indicated inhibitor. DCMU, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; low light (LL), 80 µmol photons m−2 s−1; high light (HL), 450 µmol photons m−2 s−1. (E) Gene expression of a known 1O2-responsive gene, GPX5, is induced during acclimation, while two genes associated with H2O2 response, APX1 and CAT1, are not. WT cells were mock-pretreated without RB (white bars) or pretreated with RB in the light (black bars).

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.003
Figure 1—figure supplement 1
Pretreatment with RB does not increase resistance to high light or norflurazon in cells grown on plates.

Cells were pretreated with 1 μM RB with (+) or without (−) light, then spotted on minimal plates and grown under high light (HL) or grown photoheterotrophically on TAP plates containing norflurazon (NF) and grown under low light for 4 days. Cells were spotted in serial dilutions.

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.004
qRT-PCR analysis of genes identified to be 1O2-responsive by RNA-seq.

(A) The error bars indicate standard deviation of biological triplicates. The locus of the transcript (v5) and gene name if annotated, are indicated. *SOUL1 was named gene in v4 but not in v5. (B) Comparison of fold change values from RNA-seq data and qPCR. Fold change values were calculated for RNA-seq as described in ‘Material and methods’, and the values for qPCR are averages obtained from biological triplicates.

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.005
Differentially expressed genes from pair-wise comparisons.

(A) Venn diagram representing differentially expressed genes in WT and sak1. Mapman functional classes distribution of differentially expressed genes (passing criteria of fold change greater than 21 [up] or smaller than 2−1 [down] with FDR <1%) during acclimation in (B) WT and (C) sak1. (D) Differentially expressed genes when comparing WT and sak1 in basal conditions (i.e., before exposure to 1O2). The functional classes represented by the numbers are listed; asterisks indicate classes that were enriched compared to the genome.

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.008
Genetic and molecular analysis of sak1.

(A) The insertion of a zeocin resistance gene and the RB sensitivity phenotype are linked. Twelve complete tetrads from a backcross of sak1 to wild type are shown. Numbers indicate independent tetrads, and letters (a-d) indicate the individual progeny from tetrads. (B) Gene structure of SAK1 and the insertion site. Gray boxes indicate positions of primers used for qPCR. (C) Transformation of sak1 with a genomic fragment containing SAK1 rescues the acclimation phenotype. sak1(gSAK1)-1 and sak1(gSAK1)-2 are two independent transformants. (D) sak1(gSAK1)-1 and sak1(gSAK1)-2 show recovery of 1O2 target gene expression. Y-axis indicates fold change during acclimation to 1O2. (E) qRT-PCR of SAK1 in WT and sak1 mutant using primers for 5′- and 3′-UTR shown in panel B. (F) SAK1 protein is induced in WT and detected as higher molecular weight bands during acclimation to 1O2 generated by RB. (G) SAK1 transcript probed for 5′-UTR in cells transferred from low light to high light for 1 hr. Error bars indicate standard deviation of biological triplicates.

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.014
Figure 5 with 3 supplements
SAK1 contains an uncharacterized domain present in some bZIP transcription factors.

Schematic of relative positions of SAK1 and bZIP domains. One protein (Cv28) contains a mitochondrial termination factor (mTERF) domain. The letters and numbers in the abbreviated names represent initials of the species and numbers listed in Table 8. Proteins with italicized names contain bZIP domains that were recognized by Pfam but scored below significance.

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.016
Figure 5—figure supplement 1
Multiple sequence alignment of SAK1 domains.

The SAK1 domains of 37 chlorophyte proteins were aligned by MUSCLE (phylogeny.fr). Protein identities are as shown in Table 8. Star indicates a relatively conserved residue within the SAK1 domain that was predicted to be a possible phosphorylation site (Figure 5—figure supplement 3).

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.017
Figure 5—figure supplement 2
Secondary structure prediction of SAK1 domain.

SAK1 domain modeled against its best-hit nickel cobalt resistance protein cnrr by PHYRE. 44% (coverage) of the SAK1 domain was aligned with 73.6% confidence.

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.018
Figure 5—figure supplement 3
Prediction of phosphorylation sites in SAK1.

Prediction of phosphorylation sites by NetPhos 2.0. Orange bar indicates the position of SAK1 domain, star indicates a relatively conserved residue among the 37 members containing the SAK1 domain.

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.019
SAK1 is a phosphorylated protein that is in the cytosol.

(A and B) SAK1 is detected in the cytosol and not in other subcellular fractions. (C) SAK1 is not enriched in nuclear extracts. Approximately 30 μg of protein was loaded into each well except for mitochondrial fractions that were loaded approximately 7.5 μg protein due to low protein yield in isolated fractions. Subcellular markers: Chloroplast (CP), PSAD; Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), KDEL; Cytosol, NAB1; Mitochondria (mito), cytochrome c (Cyt c); Nuclear, histone 3 (H3). The arrowhead indicates the band corresponding to Cyt c. (D) Protein extracts from cells treated with increasing concentrations of RB were then treated with phosphatase (+) or only with buffer (−) before detection of SAK1 by immunoblot analysis.

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.020

Tables

Table 1

Moderate induction of 1O2 genes during high light exposure

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.006
Fold change (SD)*
Gene name or IDWTsak1
GPX52.86 (1.06)1.08 (0.23)
CFA13.75 (0.99)1.78 (0.52)
SOUL23.45 (1.25)1.82 (0.22)
MRP33.10 (0.39)2.37 (0.32)
Cre14.g6139501.42 (0.53)1.57 (0.46)
LHCSR114.91 (4.25)2.91 (1.35)
  1. *

    Fold change values are the average of biological triplicates and their standard deviations are indicated in parentheses.

  2. Known to have elevated expression in high light grown cells (Peers et al., 2009).

Table 2

Expression of H2O2 response genes during 1O2 acclimation

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.007
Gene IDRPKM*Fold change
Gene namev4v5WT-mockWT-RBsak1-mocksak1-RBWTsak1
APX1Cre02.g087700.t1.1Cre02.g087700.t1.249.7036.2279.6558.830.730.74
MSD3Cre16.g676150.t1.1Cre16.g676150.t1.20.300.180.700.170.600.25
MDAR1Cre17.g712100.t1.1Cre17.g712100.t1.235.9538.3033.5351.341.071.53
DHAR1Cre10.g456750.t1.1Cre10.g456750.t1.220.4040.9325.6942.182.011.64
GSH1Cre02.g077100.t1.1Cre02.g077100.t1.228.2726.9140.4249.950.951.24
GSHR1Cre06.g262100.t1.2Cre06.g262100.t1.319.1719.0219.3922.410.991.16
VTC2Cre13.g588150.t1.1Cre13.g588150.t1.218.1662.5335.10103.123.442.94
  1. *

    Average of RPKM obtained from two sequencing lanes as described in ‘Material and methods’.

  2. Calculated as ratio of (RPKM-RB) / (RPKM-mock).

Table 3

Enriched functional classes among differentially expressed genes in WT during 1O2 acclimation

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.009
Primary MapMan classSecondary Mapman classGene ID (v4)Gene ID (v5)Gene nameAnnotation
Up-regulated genes
 transportABC transporters and multidrug resistance systemsCre03.g169300.t1.1Cre03.g169300.t2.1ABC transporter (ABC-2 type)
Cre04.g220850.t1.1Cre04.g220850.t1.2ABC transporter (ABC-2 type)
Cre11.g474600.t1.1§Cre02.g095151.t1ABC transporter (ABC-2 type)
Cre03.g151400.t1.2Cre03.g151400.t1.3ABC transporter (subfamilyA member3)
Cre14.g618400.t1.1§Cre14.g618400.t1.2ABC transporter
Cre09.g395750.t1.2Cre09.g395750.t1.3ABC transporter (plant PDR pleitropic drug resistance)
Cre14.g613950.t1.1§Cre14.g613950.t2.1ABC transporter, Lipid exporter ABCA1 and related proteins
Cre17.g725150.t1.1Cre17.g725150.t1.2ABC transporter
Cre04.g224400.t1.2§Cre04.g224400.t1.3ABC transporter (plant PDR pleitropic drug resistance)
Cre13.g564900.t1.1§Cre13.g564900.t1.2MRP3ABC transporter, Multidrug resistance associated protein
Cre17.g721000.t1.1Cre17.g721000.t1.2ABC transporter (ABCA)
Cre04.g224500.t1.2Cre04.g224500.t1.3ABC transporter (plant PDR pleitropic drug resistance)
Cre01.g007000.t1.1§Cre01.g007000.t1.2ABC transporter (ABC-2 type)
unspecified anionsCre13.g574000.t1.2Cre13.g574000.t1.3Chloride channel 7
Cre17.g729450.t1.1Cre17.g729450.t1.2Chloride channel 7
amino acidsCre04.g226150.t1.2Cre04.g226150.t1.3AOC1Amino acid carrier 1; belongs to APC (amino acid polyamine organocation) family
miscCre16.g683400.t1.1§Cre16.g683400.t1.2CRAL/TRIO domain (Retinaldehyde binding protein-related)
Cre17.g718100.t1.1Cre17.g718100.t1.2Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein SEC14 and related proteins (CRAL/TRIO)
Cre06.g311000.t1.2Cre06.g311000.t1.3FBT2Folate transporte
calciumCre09.g410050.t1.1§Cre09.g410050.t1.2Ca2+ transporting ATPase
potassiumCre07.g329882.t1.2Cre07.g329882.t1.3Ca2+-activated K+ channel proteins
phosphateCre16.g686750.t1.1Cre16.g686750.t1.2PTA3Proton/phosphate symporter
metalCre13.g570600.t1.1Cre13.g570600.t1.2CTR1CTR type copper ion transporter
metabolite transporters at the mitochondrial membraneCre06.g267800.t1.2Cre06.g267800.t2.1Mitochondrial carrier protein
 hormone metabolism*brassinosteroidCre16.g663950.t1.1Cre16.g663950.t1.2Sterol C5-desaturase
Cre02.g076800.t1.1Cre02.g076800.t1.2delta14-sterol reductase
Cre12.g557900.t1.1Cre12.g557900.t1.1CDI1C-8,7 sterol isomerase
Cre02.g092350.t1.1Cre02.g092350.t1.2Cytochrome P450, CYP51 Sterol-demethylase
Cre12.g500500.t1.2Cre12.g500500.t2.1SAM-dependent methyltransferases
jasmonateCre19.g756100.t1.1Cre03.g210513.t112-oxophytodienoic acid reductase
auxinCre14.g609900.t1.1Cre14.g609900.t1.1Predicted membrane protein, contains DoH and Cytochrome b-561/ferric reductase transmembrane domains
Cre06.g276050.t1.1Cre06.g276050.t1.2Aldo/keto reductase
Cre16.g692800.t1.2Cre16.g692800.t1.3Aldo/keto reductase
Cre03.g185850.t1.2Cre03.g185850.t1.2pfkB family, sugar kinase-related
 minor CHO metabolismothersCre06.g276050.t1.1Cre06.g276050.t1.2Aldo/keto reductase
Cre16.g692800.t1.2Cre16.g692800.t1.3Aldo/keto reductase
Cre03.g185850.t1.2Cre03.g185850.t1.2pfkB family, sugar kinase-related
calloseCre06.g302050.t1.1Cre06.g302050.t1.21,3-beta-glucan synthase
myo-inositolCre03.g180250.t1.1Cre03.g180250.t1.2Myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase
 stressbioticCre01.g057050.t1.1§Cre03.g144324.t1Leucine Rich Repeat
Cre01.g016200.t1.2Cre01.g016200.t1Mlo Family
Cre28.g776450.t1.1§Cre08.g358573.t1PSMD1026S proteasome regulatory complex
abioticCre12.g501500.t1.1NF
Cre02.g132300.t1.2Cre09.g395732.t1DnaJ domain
Cre07.g339650.t1.2Cre07.g339650.t1.3DNJ20DnaJ-like protein
Cre01.g033300.t1.1§Cre01.g033300.t2.1No annotation
Cre16.g677000.t1.1Cre16.g677000.t1.2HSP70EHeat shock protein 70E
Cre08.g372100.t1.1Cre08.g372100.t1.2HSP70AHeat shock protein 70A
 lipid metabolismphospholipid synthesisCre13.g604700.t1.2Cre13.g604700.t1.3PCT1CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase/Phosphatidylglycerol-phosphate synthase
Cre06.g281250.t1.1§Cre06.g281250.t1.2CFA1Cyclopropane fatty acid synthase
Cre09.g398700.t1.1§Cre09.g398700.t1.2CFA2Cyclopropane fatty acid synthase
‘exoticsߣ (steroids, squalene etc)Cre01.g061750.t1.1Cre03.g146507.t1SPT2Serine palmitoyltransferase
Cre83.g796250.t1.1NFSPT1Serine palmitoyltransferase
Cre02.g137850.t1.1Cre09.g400516.t1TRAM (translocating chain-associating membrane) superfamily
FA synthesis and FA elongationCre03.g182050.t1.1Cre03.g182050.t1Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (AMP-forming)
Cre06.g256750.t1.1Cre06.g256750.t1.2Acyl-ACP thioesterase
miscshort chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR)Cre12.g556750.t1.2Cre12.g556750.t1.3Short chain dehydrogenase
Cre27.g775000.t1.1Cre12.g549852.t1Short chain dehydrogenase
Cre17.g731350.t1.2Cre17.g731350.t1.2Short chain dehydrogenase
Cre08.g381510.t1.1§NFShort chain alcohol dehydrogenase
UDP glucosyl and glucoronyl transferasesCre02.g144050.t1.1Cre02.g144050.t2.1Acetylglucosaminyltransferase EXT1/exostosin 1
Cre16.g659450.t1.1Cre16.g659450.t1.2Lactosylceramide 4-alpha-Galactosyltransferase
Cre03.g173300.t1.1Cre03.g173300.t1.2Lactosylceramide 4-alpha-Galactosyltransferase
dynaminCre02.g079550.t1.1Cre02.g079550.t1.2Dynamin-related GTPase, involved in circadian rhythms
misc2Cre06.g258600.t1.1§Cre06.g258600.t2.1Predicted hydrolase related to dienelactone hydrolase
acid and other phosphatasesCre06.g249800.t1.1Cre06.g249800.t1.2Sphingomyelin synthase
Down-regulated genes
 nucleotide metabolismsalvageCre13.g573800.t1.1Cre13.g573800.t1.2Phosphoribulokinase / Uridine kinase family
synthesisCre12.g503300.t1.1Cre12.g503300.t1.2Phosphoribosylamidoimidazole-succinocarboxamide synthase
Cre06.g308500.t1.1Cre06.g308500.t1.2CMP2Carbamoyl phosphate synthase, small subunit
Cre14.g614300.t1.1Cre14.g614300.t1.2Inosine-5-monophosphate dehydrogenase
 transportABC transporters and multidrug resistance systemsCre06.g273750.t1.2Cre06.g273750.t1.3SUA1Chloroplast sulfate transporter
Cre02.g083354.t1.1Cre02.g083354.t1ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 9
calciumCre06.g263950.t1.2Cre06.g263950.t1.3Na+/K + ATPase, alpha subunit
metabolite transporters at the envelope membraneCre08.g363600.t1.1Cre08.g363600.t1.2Glucose-6-phosphate, PEP/phosphate antiporter
metalCre17.g720400.t1.2Cre17.g720400.t1.3HMA1Heavy metal transporting ATPase
P- and V-ATPasesCre10.g459200.t1.1Cre10.g459200.t1.2ACA4Plasma membrane H + -transporting ATPase
phosphateCre02.g144650.t1.1Cre02.g144650.t1.2PTB12Na+/Pi symporter
potassiumCre06.g278700.t1.2Cre06.g278700.t1.2Myotrophin and similar proteins
  1. *

    Functional terms are inferred by homology to the annotation set of Arabidopsis thaliana (Lopez et al., 2011).

  2. Corresponding gene model was not found in v5.

  3. No functional annotations found on v5 but defined by MapMan on Algal Functional Annotation Tool (Lopez et al., 2011).

  4. §

    Induction during 1O2 acclimation dependent on SAK1 (Table 5).

Table 4

1O2 response genes are not induced when RB is added in the dark

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.010
Fold change +RB/−RB (SD)*
Gene name or IDWTsak1
GPX51.13 (0.33)0.87 (0.31)
SAK11.38 (0.08)1.29 (0.19)
CFA10.90 (0.04)1.44 (0.22)
SOUL21.17 (0.25)1.11 (0.19)
MRP3,1.13 (0.12)1.07 (0.25)
Cre12.g503950,0.93 (0.06)1.20 (0.12)
Cre14.g613950,§0.65 (0.06)0.79 (0.15)
Cre04.g220850,1.00 (0.09)1.29 (0.04)
Cre09.g395750,1.05 (0.10)1.29 (0.12)
  1. *

    Average of fold change and standard deviation (SD) of biological triplicates.

  2. Annotated as transport function.

  3. ABC transporter.

  4. §

    Sec14-like phosphatidylinositol transfer protein.

Table 5

Genes that require SAK1 for induction by 1O2

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.011
Gene ID (v4)Gene ID (v5)Gene nameAnnotationFC WT* (log2)FC sak1 (log2)Attenuation (FC-sak1/FC-WT)Basal repression in sak1 (log2)
Cre02.g137700.t1.1Cre09.g4004046.491.800.04−3.35
Cre06.g281250.t1.1Cre06.g281250CFA1Cyclopropane fatty acid synthase5.921.160.04−2.10
Cre27.g775950.t1.2Cre12.g5579285.830.810.03
Cre01.g033300.t1.1Cre01.g0333005.72−0.390.01
Cre13.g566850.t1.1Cre13.g566850SOUL2SOUL heme-binding protein5.531.330.05−2.60
Cre14.g623650.t1.1Cre14.g623650Alcohol dehydrogenase4.891.670.11
Cre13.g600650.t1.1Cre06.g278245Rieske 2Fe-2S domain4.761.640.12
Cre06.g263550.t1.1Cre06.g263550LCI7R53.5-related protein4.461.770.15
Cre07.g342100.t1.1Cre07.g3421004.431.400.12
Cre06.g299700.t1.1Cre06.g299700SOUL1SOUL heme-binding protein4.320.430.07−1.13
Cre09.g398700.t1.1Cre09.g398700CFA2Cyclopropane fatty acid synthase4.050.180.07−1.00
Cre12.g492650.t1.1Cre12.g492650FAS2Fasciclin-like protein4.010.070.07−1.24
Cre08.g381510.t1.1NF3.940.730.11
Cre10.g458450.t1.2Cre10.g458450GPX5Glutathione peroxidase3.912.060.28
Cre11.g474600.t1.1Cre02.g095151ABC transporter (ABC-2 type)3.900.440.09
Cre13.g600700.t1.1Cre06.g2782463.781.480.20
Cre14.g613950.t1.1Cre14.g6139503.651.380.21
Cre06.g269300.t1.1Cre06.g269300DUF13653.500.400.12
Cre08.g380300.t1.2Cre08.g380300MSRA3Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase3.450.660.14
Cre28.g776450.t1.1Cre08.g358573TRP7Transient receptor potential ion channel3.31−0.790.06
Cre01.g031650.t1.2Cre01.g031650CGLD12Potential galactosyl transferase activity3.300.670.16
Cre14.g629061.t1.1NFDUF21773.250.080.11
Cre12.g503950.t1.1Cre12.g503950CRAL/TRIO domain3.240.310.13
Cre13.g564900.t1.1Cre13.g564900ABC transporter transmembrane region3.220.340.14
Cre02.g139500.t1.1Cre09.g401701DUF12953.04−0.160.11
Cre14.g618400.t1.1Cre14.g6184002.971.150.28
Cre17.g715150.t1.1Cre17.g7151502.890.130.15
Cre17.g741300.t1.2Cre17.g741300SAK12.880.660.21−2.77
Cre01.g007300.t1.1Cre01.g0073002.85−1.150.06
Cre16.g648700.t1.2Cre16.g648700ABC transporter (ABC-2 type)2.790.260.17−1.26
Cre13.g566900.t1.2Cre13.g5669002.76−0.380.11
Cre02.g137750.t1.2Cre09.g400441JmjC domain2.72−0.310.12
Cre06.g263500.t1.1Cre06.g263500Archease protein family (DUF101)2.671.020.32
Cre01.g016150.t1.1Cre01.g016150ADP-ribosylglycohydrolase2.650.170.18−1.26
Cre08.g380000.t1.1Cre08.g380000Formylglycine-generating sulfatase enzyme2.591.530.48
Cre14.g615600.t1.1Cre14.g615600Putative serine esterase (DUF676)2.53−0.540.12
Cre11.g472900.t1.2Cre02.g095113CAP-Gly domain2.45−0.050.18
Cre06.g269250.t1.1Cre06.g2692502.440.550.27
Cre02.g120600.t1.1Cre09.g4030712.440.940.35
Cre06.g261200.t1.1Cre06.g261200ERG25Sterol desaturase2.420.640.29
Cre16.g683400.t1.1Cre16.g683400CRAL/TRIO domain2.400.080.20
Cre22.g765150.t1.1Cre11.g467725hypothetical protein2.300.460.28
Cre13.g571800.t1.2Cre13.g571800DUF13362.270.720.34
Cre13.g579450.t1.2Cre13.g579450CST1Membrane transporter2.271.230.49
Cre08.g380350.t1.1Cre08.g3803502.21−0.010.21
Cre16.g649250.t1.2Cre16.g6492502.080.580.35
Cre11.g476250.t1.1Cre11.g4762502.080.490.33
Cre02.g108000.t1.2Cre02.g1080002.081.030.49
Cre13.g583300.t1.1Cre13.g5833001.98−0.480.18
Cre04.g215300.t1.2NF1.970.570.38
Cre02.g139450.t1.1Cre09.g401663DUF9471.95−0.620.17
Cre03.g194750.t1.2Cre03.g1947501.950.730.43
Cre06.g258600.t1.1Cre06.g258600Dienelactone hydrolase family1.91−0.950.14
Cre10.g418700.t1.1Cre10.g418700Probable N6-adenine methyltransferase1.87−0.030.27
Cre10.g444550.t1.1Cre10.g444550SPP1ASignal peptide peptidase1.810.510.41
Cre01.g060050.t1.2Cre03.g1458071.78−0.110.27
Cre09.g410050.t1.1Cre09.g410050Calcium transporting ATPase1.760.510.42
Cre03.g163400.t1.2Cre03.g1634001.76−0.170.26
Cre01.g008450.t1.1Cre01.g008450Nuf2 family1.73−0.540.21
Cre12.g536650.t1.1Cre12.g5366501.720.350.39
Cre02.g114900.t1.2Cre02.g114900ANK23predicted protein1.710.080.32
Cre16.g661850.t1.2Cre16.g661850Calcium/calmoduline dependent protein kinase association1.690.030.32
Cre14.g615500.t1.2Cre14.g615500Glycoprotease family1.68−0.760.18
Cre11.g483100.t1.2Cre11.g483100Protein kinase1.66−0.490.22
Cre28.g776650.t1.1Cre08.g3585691.640.330.40
Cre07.g340250.t1.2Cre07.g340250Protein kinase1.63−0.410.24
Cre06.g296250.t1.2Cre06.g296250SYK1tRNA synthetase, class II1.600.540.48
Cre06.g310500.t1.1Cre06.g3105001.570.180.38
Cre07.g342800.t1.2Cre07.g342800CGL16Predicted protein1.490.320.44
Cre03.g181450.t1.2Cre03.g181450DUF16191.470.350.46
Cre66.g793601.t1.1Cre35.g7594971.470.030.37
Cre14.g614050.t1.2Cre14.g614050MAP65Microtubule associated protein1.430.060.39
Cre04.g217500.t1.1Cre04.g217500Inosine-uridine preferring nucleoside hydrolase1.420.190.43
Cre06.g292950.t1.1Cre06.g292950DNA polymerase delta, subunit 41.38−0.120.35
Cre16.g661750.t1.1Cre16.g661750Calcium/calmoduline dependent protein kinase association1.38−0.120.35
Cre01.g007000.t1.1Cre01.g007000ABC transporter (ABC-2 type)1.350.210.45
Cre04.g224400.t1.2Cre04.g224400ABC transporter (ABC-2 type)1.34−0.130.36
Cre01.g068400.t1.2Cre16.g6807901.330.160.45
Cre05.g237400.t1.1Cre05.g237400DAE1Diaminopimelate epimerase1.320.220.47
Cre14.g609600.t1.2Cre14.g6096001.32−0.580.27
Cre05.g234850.t1.2Cre05.g234850Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase1.290.160.46
Cre03.g179200.t1.1Cre03.g1792001.28−0.480.30
Cre10.g417730.t1.1Cre10.g4177301.270.170.47
Cre03.g159700.t1.2Cre03.g1597001.26−0.140.38
Cre12.g540150.t1.2Cre12.g5401501.19−0.240.37
Cre01.g006550.t1.2Cre01.g006550No annotation1.17−0.490.32−1.60
Cre03.g159950.t1.2Cre03.g1599501.17−0.170.40
Cre27.g775900.t1.2Cre12.g5575031.14−0.700.28
Cre02.g121600.t1.1Cre09.g387208Protein kinase1.140.000.46
Cre14.g609550.t1.1NF1.13−0.840.26
Cre07.g315050.t1.2Cre07.g3150501.12−0.030.45
Cre04.g218800.t1.2Cre04.g218800THB3Truncated hemoglobin1.11−0.500.33
Cre02.g133300.t1.1Cre09.g3966241.11−0.430.34
Cre01.g060650.t1.2Cre03.g1460671.10−0.420.35
Cre01.g057050.t1.1Cre03.g1443241.100.040.48
Cre06.g304950.t1.1Cre06.g3049501.07−0.650.30
Cre08.g358200.t1.2Cre08.g358200A4Protein kinase1.07−0.820.27
Cre16.g689550.t1.2Cre16.g689550PTK8Putative tyrosine kinase1.06−0.170.43
Cre17.g720950.t1.1Cre17.g7209503-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase1.05−0.260.40
Cre02.g090950.t1.2Cre02.g0909501.05−0.270.40
Cre16.g683350.t1.1Cre16.g6833501.03−0.670.31
Cre02.g109450.t1.1Cre02.g1094501.01−0.030.48
Cre16.g652750.t1.1Cre16.g6527501.01−0.290.41
Cre03.g190000.t1.1Cre03.g1900001.00−0.990.25
  1. *

    Data were ordered by FC in WT.

  2. Of the 52 most highly induced genes in WT (the top 10%), 37 were SAK1-dependent, and the induction of 33 of these genes was strongly attenuated to only 0.01-0.25 of magnitude of FC found in the WT. Dashed line indicates cutoff of FC for the top 10% most strongly induced genes.

  3. Genes that are repressed at basal level in sak1.

  4. NF, not found in v5.

Table 6

Enriched functional classes among differentially expressed genes in sak1 during 1O2 acclimation

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.012
Primary Mapman classSecondary Mapman classGene ID (v4)Gene nameAnnotation
Up-regulated genes
 Secondary metabolismisoprenoidsCre13.g565650.t1.1Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase/Polyprenyl synthetase
Cre06.g267600.t1.1Lycopene epsilon cyclase
Cre09.g407200.t1.1Phytoene desaturase
Cre06.g267600.t1.1Lycopene epsilon cyclase
Cre01.g011100.t1.1Prenyltransferase and squalene oxidase repeat, Oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase and related proteins
N miscCre08.g381707.t1.1NF*
phenylpropanoidsCre03.g207800.t1.1Alcohol dehydrogenase, class V
Cre14.g623650.t1.1Alcohol dehydrogenase, class V (Zinc-binding)
Cre01.g039350.t1.1Cytochrome P450 reductase, possibly CYP505B family
sulfur-containingCre06.g299400.t1.1NF*
waxCre17.g722150.t1.1PKS3Type III polyketide synthase
Cre07.g318500.t1.2FAE1/Type III polyketide synthase-like protein, Chalcone and stilbene synthases
 Lipid metabolism‘exotics’ (steroids, squalene etc)Cre01.g061750.t1.1serine palmitoyltransferase
Cre02.g137850.t1.1NF*
Cre83.g796250.t1.1NF*
Cre01.g011100.t1.1Prenyltransferase and squalene oxidase repeat, Oxidosqualene-lanosterol cyclase and related proteins
FA synthesis and FA elongationCre06.g256750.t1.1Acyl carrier protein thioesterase
Cre03.g182050.t1.1Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (AMP-forming)
Cre02.g074650.t1.1Kelch repeat-containing proteins, Acyl-CoA binding protei
glycerol metabolismCre01.g053000.t1.1GPD2Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase/dihydroxyacetone-3-phosphate reductase
glycolipid synthesisCre13.g583600.t1.1DGD1Digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase
lipid degradationCre01.g057450.t1.2NF*
Cre02.g126050.t1.1NF*
phospholipid synthesisCre06.g281250.t1.1CFA1Cyclopropane fatty acid synthase
Cre01.g038250.t1.1SDC1Serine decarboxylase
Cre11.g472700.t1.1NF*
Cre13.g604700.t1.2CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase/Phosphatidylglycerol-phosphate synthase
 Cellvesicle transportCre18.g744100.t1.1NF*
Cre17.g721900.t1.1COG5Component of oligomeric golgi complex
Cre01.g003050.t1.1SEC8Component of the Exocyst Complex
Cre04.g224800.t1.1Endosomal R-SNARE protein, Vamp7/Nyv1-family
Cre17.g728150.t1.1Endosomal R-SNARE protein, Yky6-family
Cre12.g507450.t1.1Trans-Golgi network Qa-SNARE protein, Syntaxin16/Syx16/Tlg2/Syp4-family
Cre03.g210600.t1.1NF*
Cre04.g225900.t1.1Endosomal R-SNARE protein, Vamp7/Nyv1-family
Cre02.g101400.t1.1CHC1Clathrin Heavy Chain
Cre17.g709350.t1.1Late endosomal Qc-SNARE protein, Syx8/Syntaxin8-family
Cre07.g342050.t1.1Endosomal Qb-SNARE, Npsn-family
Cre16.g692050.t1.1ER-Golgi Qa-SNARE protein, Syntaxin5/Syx5/Sed5/Syp3-family
Cre16.g676650.t1.1AP1G1Gamma1-Adaptin
Cre02.g099000.t1.1Late endosomal Qc-SNARE protein, Syx6/Tlg1/Syp5/6-family
Cre12.g554200.t1.2ER-Golgi Qb-SNARE, Memb/GS35/Bos1-family
Cre06.g310000.t1.1AP4E1Epsilon4-Adaptin
Cre10.g421250.t1.1EXO70Hypothetical Conserved Protein. Similar to Exo70, a subunit of the exocyst complex
Cre07.g330950.t1.1AP4S4Sigma4-Adaptin
Cre12.g488850.t1.2Adaptin, alpha/gamma/epsilon
divisionCre06.g269950.t1.1CDC48Protein involved in ubiquitin-dependent degradation of ER-bound substrates
Cre08.g359200.t1.2Regulator of chromosome condensation (RCC1)
organisationCre13.g588600.t1.2Kinesin (SMY1 subfamily)
Cre12.g513450.t1.1TUH1Eta-Tubulin
Cre01.g010950.t1.226S proteasome regulatory complex, subunit PSMD10 (Ankyrin repeat)
Cre16.g679650.t1.2Fimbrin/Plastin
Cre06.g261950.t1.1Myotrophin and similar proteins (Ankyrin repeat)
Cre06.g291700.t1.1RSP3Radial spoke protein 3
Cre10.g446700.t1.1ANK28Ankyrin repeat and DHHC-type Zn-finger domain containing proteins
 Hormone metabolismabscisic acidCre16.g657800.t1.2CCD3Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase
auxinCre14.g609900.t1.1Predicted membrane protein, contains DoH and Cytochrome b-561/ferric reductase transmembrane domains
brassinosteroidCre16.g663950.t1.1Sterol C5 desaturase
Cre02.g092350.t1.1Cytochrome P450, CYP51 superfamily; sterol 14 desaturase
Cre12.g557900.t1.1CDI1C-8,7 sterol isomerase
Cre02.g076800.t1.1Delta14-sterol reductase, mitochondrial
Cre12.g500500.t1.224-methylenesterol C-methyltransferase
ethyleneCre02.g108450.t1.1FAP280Flagellar Associated Protein, transcriptional coactivator-like, putative transcription factor
jasmonateCre19.g756100.t1.1NF*
 Miscacid and other phosphatasesCre09.g396900.t1.1NADH pyrophosphatase I of the Nudix family of hydrolases
Cre06.g259650.t1.1Calcineurin-like phosphoesterase, Acid-phosphatase-related
Cre06.g249800.t1.1Sphingomyelin synthetase -related
cytochrome P450Cre05.g234100.t1.1Cytochrome P450, CYP197 superfamily
dynaminCre02.g079550.t1.1DRP2Dynamin-related GTPase, involved in circadian rhythms
Cre05.g245950.t1.1DRP1Dynamin-related GTPase
glutathione S transferasesCre03.g154950.t1.1Glutathione S-transferase
misc2Cre12.g538450.t1.1EPT1CDP-Etn:DAG Ethanolamine phosphotransferase
short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR)Cre12.g556750.t1.2Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase
Cre08.g384864.t1.1SH3 domain, protein binding
Cre27.g775000.t1.1NF*
Cre17.g731350.t1.2Short chain dehydrogenase
UDP glucosyl and glucoronyl transferasesCre02.g111150.t1.2ELG26Exostosin-like glycosyltransferase
Cre02.g144050.t1.1Acetylglucosaminyltransferase EXT1/exostosin 1
Cre03.g204050.t1.2ELG6Exostosin-like glycosyltransferases
Cre11.g474450.t1.1NF*
Cre03.g173300.t1.1Lactosylceramide 4-alpha-galactosyltransferase (alpha- 1,4-galactosyltransferase)
Cre02.g116600.t1.1ELG23Exostosin-like glycosyltransferase
Down-regulated genes
 Hormone metabolismcytokininCre18.g744950.t1.2NF*
Cre16.g678900.t1.1Response regulator receiver domain
Cre01.g040450.t1.1HDT1Histidine-aspartic acid phosphotransferase 1 (phosphorylation cascade)
ethyleneCre09.g403550.t1.1Iron/ascorbate family oxidoreductases
 Nucleotide metabolismdeoxynucleotide metabolismCre12.g491050.t1.1RIR2Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), small subunit
Cre12.g492950.t1.1RIR1Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), large subunit, class I
Cre16.g667850.t1.1dUTP pyrophosphatase
synthesisCre14.g614300.t1.1Inosine-5-monophosphate dehydrogenase/GMP reductase
Cre07.g318750.t1.1Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase
 Tetrapyrrole synthesisporphobilinogen deaminaseCre16.g663900.t1.1Porphobilinogen deaminase
protochlorophyllide reductaseCre01.g015350.t1.1Light-dependent protochlorophyllide reductase
urogen III methylaseCre02.g133050.t1.2NF*
 DNArepairCre16.g670550.t1.2XP-G/RAD2 DNA repair endonuclease
synthesis/chromatin structureCre07.g338000.t1.1MCM2Minichromosome maintenance protein
Cre07.g314900.t1.2ATP-dependent RNA helicase, DEAD/DEAH helicase
Cre03.g172950.t1.1CBF5Centromere/microtubule binding protein
Cre01.g015250.t1.1Eukaryotic DNA polymerase delta
Cre27.g774200.t1.2NF*
Cre07.g316850.t1.1MCM4Minichromosome maintenance protein
unspecifiedCre10.g451250.t1.2Adenylate and guanylate cyclase catalytic domain, 3-5 exonuclease
Cre01.g059950.t1.2NF*
  1. *

    Corresponding gene model was not found in v5.

  2. Functional terms are inferred by homology to the annotation set of Arabidopsis thaliana (Lopez et al., 2011).

Table 7

Enriched functional classes among differentially expressed genes in sak1 at basal level

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.013
Primary Mapman classSecondary Mapman classGene ID (v4)Gene nameAnnotation
Elevated in sak1
 nucleotide metabolismdeoxynucleotide metabolismCre12.g491050.t1.1RIR2Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), small subunit
Cre12.g492950.t1.1RIR1Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), large subunit, class I
Cre16.g667850.t1.1dUTP pyrophosphatase
phosphotransfer and pyrophosphatasesCre02.g122450.t1.1NF*
Cre02.g093950.t1.1PYR5Uridine 5'- monophosphate synthase/orotate phosphoribosyltransferase
Cre12.g519950.t1.1Flagellar Associated Protein similar to adenylate/guanylate kinases
Cre26.g772450.t1.1NF*
synthesisCre65.g793400.t1.1NF*
Cre02.g079700.t1.1PYR2Aspartate carbamoyltransferase
Cre01.g048950.t1.1dUTP pyrophosphatase
Cre07.g318750.t1.1Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase.
 DNArepairCre07.g314650.t1.1Chloroplast RecA recombination protein
synthesis/chromatin structureCre04.g214350.t1.2Eukaryotic DNA polymerase alpha, catalytic subunit
Cre07.g314900.t1.2ATP-dependent RNA helicase (DEAD/DEAH)
Cre04.g223850.t1.1Cytoplasmic DExD/H-box RNA helicase
Cre01.g015250.t1.1Eukaryotic DNA polymerase delta, catalytic subunit.
Cre07.g342506.t1.1Ubiquitin-protein ligase
Cre07.g338000.t1.1MCM2Minichromosome maintenance protein
Cre03.g178650.t1.1MCM6MCM6 DNA replication protein
Cre07.g312350.t1.2DNA polymerase alpha, primase subunit
Cre01.g009250.t1.2TOP2DNA topoisomerase II
Cre26.g772150.t1.1NF*
Cre07.g316850.t1.1MCM4Minichromosome maintenance protein 4
Cre06.g263800.t1.2tRNA-splicing endonuclease positive effector (SEN1)
Cre06.g295700.t1.2MCM3Minichromosome maintenance protein
Cre06.g251800.t1.1RFC4DNA replication factor C complex subunit 4
unspecifiedCre07.g322300.t1.2DNA repair helicase of the DEAD superfamily
Cre17.g718100.t1.1Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein SEC14 and related proteins (CRAL/TRIO)
 Tetrapyrrole synthesisGlu-tRNA reductaseCre07.g342150.t1.1HEM1Glutamyl-tRNA reductase
Glu-tRNA synthetaseCre44.g788000.t1.1Glutamyl-tRNA reductase
Cre06.g306300.t1.1CHLI1Magnesium chelatase subunit I
magnesium chelataseCre07.g325500.t1.1Magnesium chelatase subunit H
protochlorophyllide reductaseCre01.g015350.t1.1POR1Light-dependent protochlorophyllide reductase
 PhotosynthesisCalvin-Benson cycleCre05.g234550.t1.1Fructose-biphosphate aldolase
light reactionCre07.g330250.t1.1PSAHSubunit H of photosystem I
Cre07.g334550.t1.1Photosystem I subunit PsaO
Cre06.g261000.t1.1PSBR10 kDa photosystem II polypeptide
photorespirationCre12.g542300.t1.1GYK1Glycerate kinase
Cre06.g253350.t1.1GCSHGlycine cleavage system, H-protein
Cre06.g293950.t1.1SHMT2Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2
 TransportABC transporters and multidrug resistance systemsCre04.g222700.t1.1ATPase component of ABC transporters with duplicated ATPase domains/Translation elongation factor EF-3b
Cre17.g728400.t1.2ABCtransporter (ABC-2 type)
Cre05.g241350.t1.2ABCtransporter (ABC-2 type)
Cre03.g169300.t1.1ABCtransporter (ABC-2 type)
Cre11.g474600.t1.1NF*
amino acidsCre04.g226150.t1.2AOC1Amino acid carrier 1; belongs to APC (Amino acid Polyamine organo Cation) family
calciumCre09.g388850.t1.1ACA1P-type ATPase/cation transporter, plasma membrane
metabolite transporters at the envelope membraneCre06.g263850.t1.2TPT2Triose phosphate/phosphate translocator
metabolite transporters at the mitochondrial membraneCre10.g449100.t1.1Mitochondrial oxodicarboxylate carrier protein
Cre01.g069350.t1.1NF*
Cre15.g641200.t1.1Mitochondrial fatty acid anion carrier protein/Uncoupling protein
Cre09.g396350.t1.1Mitochondrial carrier protein PET8
miscCre06.g311000.t1.2FBT2Folate transporte
Cre17.g718100.t1.1Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein SEC14 and related proteins (CRAL/TRIO)
phosphateCre16.g686750.t1.1PTA3Proton/phosphate symporter
Cre16.g675300.t1.2Sodium-dependent phosphate transporter, major facilitator superfamily
potassiumCre12.g553450.t1.2NF*
sulphateCre17.g723350.t1.1SUL2Sulfate anion transporter
unspecified cationsCre13.g573900.t1.1Na+:iodide/myo-inositol/multivitamin symporters
sugarsCre16.g675300.t1.2Sodium-dependent phosphate transporter, major facilitator superfamily
 RNAprocessingCre10.g427700.t1.1ATP-dependent RNA helicase, DEAD/DEAH box helicase
Cre12.g538750.t1.1LSM1U6 snRNA-associated Sm-like protein LSm1, RNA cap binding; (SMP6d)
Cre10.g433750.t1.2PAP1Nuclear poly(A) polymerase
Cre03.g182950.t1.1NF*
Cre08.g375128.t1.1NF*
regulation of transcriptionCre17.g728200.t1.2YL-1 protein (transcription factor-like 1)
Cre06.g275500.t1.1AP2 Transcription factor
Cre28.g777500.t1.2NF*
Cre13.g572450.t1.1Response regulator receiver domain (sensor histidine kinase-related, regulation of transcription)
Cre14.g620500.t1.1AP2 Transcription factor
Cre16.g673150.t1.1Histone deacetylase complex, catalytic component RPD3
Cre02.g078700.t1.2DNA damage-responsive repressor GIS1/RPH1, jumonji superfamily
Cre03.g198800.t1.1Myb-like DNA-binding domain
Cre04.g218050.t1.2RWP-RK domain
Cre07.g324400.t1.1VPS24Subunit of the ESCRT-III complex, vaculoar sortin protein
Cre11.g481050.t1.1SWI/SNF-related chromatin binding protein
Cre02.g101950.t1.1TMU2tRNA (uracil-5)-methyltransferase
Cre10.g459600.t1.2CAATT-binding transcription factor/60S ribosomal subunit biogenesis protein
Cre01.g018650.t1.2NF*
Cre01.g012200.t1.2NF*
Cre02.g129750.t1.1NF*
Cre10.g461750.t1.2DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase
Cre01.g004600.t1.2RWP12Putative RWP-RK domain transcription factor
Cre09.g400100.t1.1Predicted Zn-finger protein, zinc and DNA binding domains
Cre07.g335150.t1.2SBP domain
RNA bindingCre16.g662700.t1.1NF*
Cre07.g330300.t1.1RNA-binding protein musashi/mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation factor I complex, subunit HRP1
Cre06.g275100.t1.1RNA-binding protein musashi/mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation factor I complex, subunit HRP1
transcriptionCre07.g322200.t1.1NF*
Repressed in sak1
 TransportABC transporters and multidrug resistance systemsCre02.g097800.t1.2ABC transporter (MDR)
Cre17.g725200.t1.1ABC transporter, peptide exporter
Cre13.g580300.t1.1ABC transporter family protein
Cre10.g439000.t1.2Long-chain acyl-CoA transporter, ABC superfamily (involved in peroxisome organization and biogenesis)
amino acidsCre06.g292350.t1.1AOC4Amino acid carrier
calciumCre06.g263950.t1.2Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha
Cre16.g681750.t1.2Calcium transporting ATPase
metabolite transporters at the mitochondrial membraneCre03.g172300.t1.1Mitochondrial phosphate carrier protein
Cre09.g394800.t1.2Mitochondrial substrate carrier protein
metalCre03.g189550.t1.2ZIP3Zinc transporter, ZIP family
Cre11.g479600.t1.2Sodium/calcium exchanger NCX1 and related proteins
Cre06.g281900.t1.1ZIP7Zinc transporter and related ZIP domain-containing proteins
miscCre02.g089900.t1.1Secretory carrier membrane protein
Cre10.g448050.t1.1Retinaldehyde binding protein-related (CRAL/TRIO domain)
Cre03.g177750.t1.2Multidrug resistance pump
NDP-sugars at the ERCre02.g112900.t1.1GDP-fucose transporter (Triose-phosphate transporter family)
P- and V-ATPasesCre01.g027800.t1.1ATPvHVacuolar ATP synthase subunit H
Cre10.g446550.t1.1ATPvFVacuolar ATP synthase subunit F
Cre03.g176250.t1.1ATPvD1Vacuolar ATP synthase subunit D
Cre06.g250250.t1.1ATPvCVacuolar ATP synthase subunit C
Cre10.g459200.t1.1ACA4P-type ATPase/cation transporter, plasma membrane (Low CO2 inducible gene)
phosphateCre12.g515750.t1.2Sodium-dependent phosphate transporter-related
Cre08.g379550.t1.2Sodium-dependent phosphate transporter, major facilitator superfamily
Cre12.g489400.t1.1PTB7Putative phosphate transporter, sodium/phosphate transporter
Cre02.g144650.t1.1PTB12Sodium/phosphate symporter
unspecified anionsCre09.g404100.t1.1Cl- channel CLC-7 and related proteins (CLC superfamily)
Cre17.g729450.t1.1Cl- channel CLC-7 and related proteins (CLC superfamily)
Cre01.g037150.t1.2Voltage-gated chloride channel activity
sugarsCre03.g206800.t1.2HXT1Hexose transporter
P- and V-ATPasesCre03.g176250.t1.1ATPvD1Vacuolar ATP synthase subunit D
Cre10.g446550.t1.1ATPvFVacuolar ATP synthase subunit F
Cre01.g027800.t1.1ATPvHVacuolar ATP synthase subunit H
 Mitochondrial electron transport / ATP synthesiscytochrome c reductaseCre01.g051900.t1.1RIP1Rieske iron-sulfur protein of mitochondrial ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase (complex III)
Cre06.g262700.t1.2Ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase, subunit 7
F1-ATPaseCre02.g116750.t1.2F0F1-type ATP synthase, alpha subunit
Cre01.g018800.t1.1ATP6Mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase subunit 6
Cre10.g420700.t1.1Mitochondrial F1F0-ATP synthase, subunit epsilon/ATP15
Cre16.g680000.t1.1ATP5Mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 5, OSCP subunit
NADH-DHCre10.g434450.t1.1NUOA9Putative NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I) 39 kDa subunit
Cre08.g378900.t1.1NUO3NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase ND3 subunit
Cre10.g450400.t1.1NUO5NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I) 24 kD subunit
 Lipid metabolism'exotics' (steroids, squalene etc)Cre14.g615050.t1.13-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase, Steroid reductase required for elongation of the VLCFAs (enoyl reductase)
Cre12.g530550.t1.2KDG2Diacylglycerol kinase, sphingosine kinase
Cre02.g137850.t1.1NF*
FA desaturationCre17.g711150.t1.1Omega-6 fatty acid desaturase (delta-12 desaturase)
glyceral metabolismCre13.g577450.t1.2Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
glycolipid synthesisCre13.g583600.t1.1DGD1Digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase
Cre16.g656400.t1.1SQD1UDP-sulfoquinovose synthase
lipid degradationCre06.g252801.t1.2CGI-141-related/lipase containing protein (TAG lipase)
Cre03.g164350.t1.2Lysophospholipase, putative drug exporter of the RND superfamily
phospholipid synthesisCre06.g281250.t1.1CFA1Cyclopropane fatty acid synthase
Cre09.g398700.t1.1CFA2Cyclopropane fatty acid synthase
Cre11.g472700.t1.1NF*
Cre06.g262550.t1.1Zinc finger MYND domain containing protein 10
 PhotosynthesisCalvin-Benson cycleCre12.g511900.t1.1RPE1Ribulose phosphate-3-epimerase
Cre02.g120100.t1.1RBCS1Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit 1
light reactionCre05.g243800.t1.1CPLD45Photosystem II Psb27 protein
Cre10.g420350.t1.1PSAEPhotosystem I reaction center subunit IV
Cre01.g071450.t1.2NF*
Cre06.g291650.t1.1Ferredoxin
Cre05.g242400.t1.1No functional annotation
photorespirationCre09.g411900.t1.2SHMT3Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 3
Cre06.g295450.t1.1HPR1Hydroxypyruvate reductase
Major CHO metabolismdegradationCre09.g415600.t1.2Starch binding domain
Cre11.g473500.t1.2NF*
Cre09.g415600.t1.2Starch binding domain
synthesisCre06.g289850.t1.2SBE1Starch Branching Enzyme
Cre17.g721500.t1.1Granule-bound starch synthase I
 miscacid and other phosphatasesCre13.g568600.t1.2Multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-related, Acid phosphatase activity
alcohol dehydrogenasesCre13.g569350.t1.1Sterol dehydrogenase-related, Flavonol reductase/cinnamoyl-CoA reductase
cytochrome P450Cre07.g356250.t1.2Cytochrome P450 CYP4/CYP19/CYP26 subfamilies, beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase
Cre07.g356250.t1.2Cytochrome P450 CYP4/CYP19/CYP26 subfamilies, beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase
dynaminCre17.g724150.t1.1DRP3Dynamin-related GTPase
GCN5-related N-acetyltransferaseCre16.g657150.t1.2N-acetyltransferase activity (GNAT) family
gluco-, galacto- and mannosidasesCre03.g171050.t1.2GHL1Glycosyl hydrolase
misc2Cre14.g614100.t1.1GTR26Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycosyltransferase
rhodaneseCre07.g352550.t1.1RDP3Putative rhodanese domain phosphatase
short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR)Cre07.g352450.t1.1Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase and related short chain-type dehydrogenases, 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
Cre12.g559350.t1.11-Acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase and related dehydrogenases
Cre03.g191850.t1.1Short chain dehydrogenase
UDP glucosyl and glucoronyl transferasesCre11.g474450.t1.1NF*
Cre03.g205250.t1.2ELG4Exostosin-like glycosyltransferase
Cre16.g659500.t1.1Lactosylceramide 4-alpha-galactosyltransferase
Cre11.g483400.t1.2ELG10Exostosin-like glycosyltransferase
 Tetrapyrrole synthesisGlu-tRNA synthetaseCre12.g510800.t1.1CHLI2Magnesium-chelatase subunit chlI
magnesium protoporphyrin IX methyltransferaseCre12.g498550.t1.2Magnesium protoporphyrin IX S-adenosyl methionine O-methyl transferase (Magnesium-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase) (PPMT)
unspecifiedCre12.g516350.t1.1COX10Cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein Cox10
urogen III methylaseCre02.g133050.t1.2NF*
  1. *

    Corresponding gene model was not found in v5.

Table 8

SAK1 domain containing proteins in chlorophytes

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.015
Number in alignmentOrganismTranscript/Protein IDaTranscript/Protein IDaTranscript/Protein ID*
1Volvox carteriVocar20009235
2Volvox carteriVocar20002437
3Volvox carteriVocar20002672
4Volvox carteriVocar20004923
5Volvox carteriVocar20012349
6Volvox carteriVocar20005988
7Volvox carteriVocar20007158
8Volvox carteriVocar20007883
9Coccomyxa subellipsoidea57405
10Coccomyxa subellipsoidea59655
11Coccomyxa subellipsoidea57694
12Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiCre16.g652650.t1.3
13Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiCre06.g271000.t1.2
14Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiCre06.g285800.t1.2
15Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiCre06.g275600.t1.2
16Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiCre06.g285750.t1.3
17Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiCre06.g270950.t1.2
18Chlamydomonas reinhardtiig9774.t1
SAK1Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiKF985242
20Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiCre03.g179150.t1.2
21Chlamydomonas reinhardtiig3701.t1
22Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiCre03.g179250.t1.2
23Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiCre03.g179200.t1.2
24Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiCre01.g004800.t1.2
25Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiCre01.g048550.t1.3
26Chlorella variabilisEFN51260
27Chlorella variabilisEFN53496
28Chlorella variabilisEFN55618
29Chlorella variabilisEFN57652
30Chlorella variabilisEFN55658
31Chlorella variabilisEFN54262
32Chlorella variabilisEFN54510
33Chlorella variabilisEFN55806
34Chlorella variabilisEFN53492
35Micromonas sp. RCC299ACO61347
36Micromonas pusilla CCMP1545EEH57791
37Micromonas sp. RCC299ACO65814
  1. *

    1–25, as defined on phytozome.net; 26–37, CrSAK1, genbank accession numbers.

Table 9

Genes up-regulated during both 1O2 acclimation and dark to light transition

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.021
Gene ID (v4)Gene nameAnnotationRB (log2)DL (log2) (Duanmu et al., 2013)
Cre02.g137700.t1.1*6.492.34
Cre06.g281250.t1.1*CFA1cyclopropane fatty acid synthase5.924.49
Cre01.g033300.t1.1*5.723.62
Cre13.g566850.t1.1*SOUL2SOUL heme-binding protein5.532.25
Cre13.g600650.t1.1*4.763.26
Cre06.g263550.t1.1*LCI7R53.5-related protein4.465.27
Cre07.g342100.t1.1*4.431.84
Cre09.g398700.t1.1*CPLD27coclaurine N-methyltransferase4.051.36
Cre12.g492650.t1.1*FAS2fasciclin-like protein4.019.24
Cre08.g381510.t1.1*3.943.27
Cre10.g458450.t1.2*GPX5glutathione peroxidase3.913.08
Cre11.g474600.t1.1*3.901.99
Cre13.g600700.t1.1*3.785.79
Cre14.g613950.t1.1*3.652.68
Cre06.g269300.t1.1*3.501.99
Cre08.g380300.t1.2*MSRA3peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase3.451.79
Cre01.g031650.t1.2*CGLD12protein with potential galactosyl transferase activity3.304.90
Cre14.g629061.t1.1*3.251.88
Cre13.g564900.t1.1*3.223.38
Cre13.g586450.t1.13.213.50
Cre02.g139500.t1.1*3.042.12
Cre19.g756100.t1.13.046.53
Cre01.g036000.t1.23.021.16
Cre14.g618400.t1.1*2.972.16
Cre17.g741300.t1.2*2.881.92
Cre16.g648700.t1.2*2.792.35
Cre17.g729950.t1.12.772.61
Cre17.g721000.t1.12.702.12
Cre06.g263500.t1.1*2.673.37
Cre01.g016150.t1.1*2.652.92
Cre08.g380000.t1.1*2.593.74
Cre04.g224800.t1.1VAMP74R-SNARE protein, VAMP72-family2.583.34
Cre03.g210150.t1.12.573.44
Cre14.g615600.t1.1*2.532.40
Cre06.g293100.t1.1Qc-SNARE SYP6-like protein2.484.90
Cre08.g368950.t1.1DHQS3-dehydroquinate synthase2.392.49
Cre10.g424350.t1.2metalloprotease2.373.18
Cre12.g537225.t1.12.343.39
Cre07.g336900.t1.22.322.31
Cre16.g664050.t1.12.311.88
Cre16.g677750.t1.12.042.22
Cre12.g537227.t1.12.003.46
Cre17.g737050.t1.1RabGAP/TBC protein1.992.32
Cre06.g297450.t1.11.931.46
Cre06.g258600.t1.1*1.913.63
Cre16.g663950.t1.1SC5D, C-5 sterol desaturase1.892.03
Cre13.g588150.t1.11.866.21
Cre17.g722150.t1.1PKS3type III polyketide synthase1.851.61
Cre16.g688550.t1.1GSTS1glutathione-S-transferase1.841.20
Cre03.g207800.t1.11.847.09
Cre10.g444550.t1.1*SPP1Asignal peptide peptidase1.815.33
Cre13.g602500.t1.21.761.59
Cre03.g163400.t1.2*1.762.15
Cre10.g450000.t1.11.742.18
Cre01.g015500.t1.11.721.55
Cre02.g105750.t1.21.713.23
Cre01.g061750.t1.1SPT2serine palmitoyltransferase1.712.29
Cre83.g796250.t1.11.681.59
Cre16.g656150.t1.11.673.55
Cre01.g002050.t1.21.663.15
Cre12.g556750.t1.2Tic32-like 1Short-chain dehydrogenase, classical family, similar to PsTic321.663.15
Cre12.g559100.t1.11.663.11
Cre09.g411750.t1.21.611.96
Cre11.g482650.t1.21.573.40
Cre06.g310500.t1.1*1.576.23
Cre09.g397900.t1.1transmembrane protein1.562.02
Cre04.g215600.t1.11.532.64
Cre02.g093800.t1.11.514.99
Cre02.g093750.t1.1NRX2Nucleoredoxin 21.506.26
Cre01.g004350.t1.11.502.29
Cre01.g034600.t1.11.502.22
Cre11.g472600.t1.21.482.00
Cre12.g500500.t1.2SMT1sterol-C24-methyltransferase1.463.05
Cre13.g577950.t1.1VPS6subunit of the ESCRT-III complex1.452.36
Cre02.g118200.t1.11.442.79
Cre01.g012500.t1.1PRA1prenylated rab acceptor family protein1.432.46
Cre12.g521600.t1.21.422.89
Cre03.g179100.t1.1ubiquitin fusion degradation protein1.413.38
Cre09.g413150.t1.21.394.31
Cre13.g572200.t1.1tyrosine/tryptophan transporter protein1.392.57
Cre03.g185850.t1.2PfkB-type carbohydrate kinase1.373.05
Cre18.g743600.t1.11.371.65
Cre02.g076800.t1.1sterol reductase1.362.41
Cre06.g256750.t1.1FAT1acyl carrier protein thioesterase1.351.67
Cre17.g729450.t1.11.341.90
Cre11.g471550.t1.11.343.29
Cre09.g395750.t1.21.332.87
Cre14.g617100.t1.11.333.33
Cre16.g691500.t1.1Sec14p-like lipid-binding protein1.332.28
Cre02.g079550.t1.1DRP2Dynamin-related GTPase1.322.34
Cre02.g079300.t1.1VPS4AAA-ATPase of VPS4/SKD1 family1.321.96
Cre05.g231700.t1.21.312.40
Cre02.g132300.t1.2DNJ12DnaJ-like protein1.302.24
Cre69.g794101.t1.11.302.65
Cre13.g565600.t1.21.293.42
Cre13.g593700.t1.1monooxygenase, DBH-like1.291.81
Cre12.g498000.t1.21.283.88
Cre06.g292900.t1.21.282.16
Cre08.g372100.t1.1HSP70AHeat shock protein 7A1.272.28
Cre01.g039350.t1.1NCR2NADPH-cytochrome P45 reductase1.262.19
Cre03.g211100.t1.11.262.11
Cre17.g731800.t1.11.251.78
Cre17.g730650.t1.11.252.28
Cre02.g123000.t1.21.241.42
Cre05.g247700.t1.21.242.71
Cre08.g360800.t1.2haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase1.234.39
Cre07.g350750.t1.1PTOX1alternative oxidase1.223.32
Cre17.g703750.t1.11.202.21
Cre06.g306041.t1.11.202.90
Cre02.g116650.t1.11.202.83
Cre08.g379400.t1.21.183.04
Cre16.g677000.t1.1HSP70EHeat shock protein 7E1.182.50
Cre06.g283900.t1.11.185.24
Cre14.g626750.t1.11.174.12
Cre01.g010700.t1.11.162.10
Cre01.g002000.t1.2predicted proteim1.151.68
Cre04.g213150.t1.11.152.78
Cre16.g694250.t1.11.152.92
Cre05.g246400.t1.11.152.74
Cre02.g128450.t1.11.132.82
Cre03.g180250.t1.1Myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase1.132.05
Cre03.g186150.t1.11.131.78
Cre02.g137800.t1.11.132.00
Cre11.g471500.t1.1MFT10predicted protein1.111.40
Cre10.g435200.t1.11.102.13
Cre13.g593850.t1.21.103.91
Cre19.g754000.t1.21.102.33
Cre13.g593869.t1.11.103.90
Cre08.g377300.t1.21.093.27
Cre04.g225050.t1.2predicted protein1.093.55
Cre07.g330300.t1.11.082.22
Cre12.g500450.t1.21.083.00
Cre06.g262000.t1.11.081.87
Cre10.g441550.t1.2MAM3Bpredicted protein1.071.54
Cre06.g249800.t1.1unknown conserved protein1.072.08
Cre01.g038250.t1.1SDC1serine decarboxylase1.061.92
Cre44.g788200.t1.11.062.13
Cre08.g359200.t1.21.032.69
Cre05.g245950.t1.1DRP1Dynamin-related GTPase1.032.15
Cre05.g234100.t1.1CYP745A1cytochrome P451.012.61
Cre07.g328700.t1.21.011.56
Cre10.g440250.t1.21.012.14
Cre17.g725200.t1.1MDR-like ABC transporter1.013.30
Cre82.g796100.t1.11.012.49
  1. *

    Genes defined as SAK1-dependent in Table 4.

Table 10

Primers used for qRT-PCR analyses

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.022
v4 IDv5 IDGene nameForwardReverse
Cre01.g007300.t1.1Cre01.g007300.t1.2AGCATGTGCGTGTGGAGTAGCCTTACCATAGGCCTGACCA
au5.g10700_t1aCre03.g177600.t1.3CTGGACATGTCGGCTATGAAGCTCATGTCGTACTCCAGCA
au5.g13389_t1*Cre06.g299700.t1SOUL1TGCGTATGGGTGTCCACTAATGGGGATCTTCTTCATGTCC
Cre06.g263550.t1.1Cre06.g263550.t1.2LCI7TTTGGTTGCGTTGCATGTATTCAACGCGGTGTCAAACTTA
Cre06.g281250.t1.1Cre06.g281250.t1.2CFA1CCTACAACGACAACGACGTGGGAAGTTCCAGGATGACCAG
Cre06.g298750.t1.1Cre06.g298750.t1.2AOT4CCGTGTGCACAGATTCAAAGCACACAGCGCCTCCTACATA
Cre08.g358200.t1.2Cre08.g358200.t2.1TGTGGCATCAAGGTGTGTTGTAACCCCACACCCCTCTCTTT
Cre09.g398700.t1.1Cre09.g398700.t1.2CFA2CGACCTGCTGCTCTACTTCCGTGTAGGCGGTGGTCAAGAT
Cre10.g458450.t1.2Cre10.g458450.t1.3GPX5AACCAATCGCCTAACACCTGCACTTGCTAGCCACGTTCAC
Cre12.g503950.t1.1Cre12.g503950.t1.2GGAGGGAGTACCACGAGACAGATTGCTGTAAGGCCGGATA
Cre13.g564900.t1.1Cre13.g564900.t1.2MRP3TCATGACGTACATCTCGATTCTCAAGGGAATGTAGTAGCGCTGAATG
au5.g4402_t1*Cre13.g566800.t1.2TGCTTGGAAGACCCACTTTTGAGCTGGAGTTGCAGTTGTG
Cre13.g566850.t1.1Cre13.g566850.t1.2SOUL2CCCTCCCCTCCTTCAGACTACGTACCTGAGGCGCATATTT
Cre14.g613950.t1.1Cre14.g613950.t2.1CGCCCAACCCCATGATCCCGCAACGTACCGTGATG
Cre16.g683400.t1.1Cre16.g683400.t1.2CCTGAACAAACACACGATGGGAACGCCGTCAAATCATCTT
Cre16.g688550.t1.1Cre16.g688550.t1.2GST1AGTGCGGAGGAAGTCGTAAAGTAAAAGACGTGCGTGCAAA
g6364.t1CβLP(RCK1)GAGTCCAACTACGGCTACGCGGTGTTCAGGTCCCACAGAC
Cre14.g623650.t1.1Cre14.g623650.t1GACAACGCGGCCTACAAGACCGAGCTGGCGGTGTTAA
au5.g2281_t1*g16723.t1MKS1GCTTGAGCGCGAGACGAACGCTGAAAGCATTGCAGAAG
Cre08.g380300.t1.2Cre08.g380300.t1.2ACCACCAGCAGTACCTGTCCCGCTCCAATAAAGCCTTCAG
au5.g7871_t1(Cre17.g741300.t1.2)SAK1(5'UTR)CAAGTGCTCATGAGAGGCCTTATACGTCATCCAGTTCCACATCC
au5.g7871_t1(Cre17.g741300.t1.2)SAK1(3'UTR)TCAAGCGTGTGGGTAAGAGCTAACGCTATCTCCGTCCTAATCCA
Cre08.g365900.t1.1Cre08.g365900.t1.2LHCSR1CACACAATTCTGCCAACAGCATCTGCTTCACGGTTTGGTC
Cre04.g220850.t1.1Cre04.g220850.t1.2TAATGGTATGGATGCGGTCAACTGCCAGTTATGGGTCCTG
Cre09.g395750.t1.2Cre09.g395750.t1.3ACCGTCCGTGAACCTTACTGCGCAAACACGTCTCAAAGAA
  1. *

    Was originally mapped and identified as augustus version 5 models within Chlamydomonas genome v4.

  2. SOUL1 was given the name in v4 but not v5.

  3. Primers were designed against experimentally obtained cDNA (Genbank accession KF985242) and differs from v5. Closest gene model is au5.g7871_t1.

Additional files

Supplementary file 1

Genes that display significant differential expression by pair-wise comparisons.

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286.023

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  1. Setsuko Wakao
  2. Brian L Chin
  3. Heidi K Ledford
  4. Rachel M Dent
  5. David Casero
  6. Matteo Pellegrini
  7. Sabeeha S Merchant
  8. Krishna K Niyogi
(2014)
Phosphoprotein SAK1 is a regulator of acclimation to singlet oxygen in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
eLife 3:e02286.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02286