Epigenetic modulation of type-1 diabetes via a dual effect on pancreatic macrophages and β cells

  1. Wenxian Fu
  2. Julia Farache
  3. Susan M Clardy
  4. Kimie Hattori
  5. Palwinder Mander
  6. Kevin Lee
  7. Inmaculada Rioja
  8. Ralph Weissleder
  9. Rab K Prinjha
  10. Christophe Benoist
  11. Diane Mathis  Is a corresponding author
  1. University of California, San Diego, United States
  2. Harvard Medical School, United States
  3. Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
  4. GlaxoSmithKline, United Kingdom
  5. Pfizer, United States

Abstract

Epigenetic modifiers are an emerging class of anti-tumor drugs, potent in multiple cancer contexts. Their effect on spontaneously developing autoimmune diseases has been little explored. We report that a short treatment with I-BET151, a small-molecule inhibitor of a family of bromodomain-containing transcriptional regulators, irreversibly suppressed development of type-1 diabetes in NOD mice. The inhibitor could prevent or clear insulitis, but had minimal influence on the transcriptomes of infiltrating and circulating T cells. Rather, it induced pancreatic macrophages to adopt an anti-inflammatory phenotype, impacting the NF-κB pathway in particular. I-BET151 also elicited regeneration of islet β-cells, inducing proliferation and expression of genes encoding transcription factors key to β-cell differentiation/function. The effect on β cells did not require T cell infiltration of the islets. Thus, treatment with I-BET151 achieves a 'combination therapy,' currently advocated by many diabetes investigators, operating by a novel mechanism that coincidentally dampens islet inflammation and enhances β-cell regeneration.

Article and author information

Author details

  1. Wenxian Fu

    University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
  2. Julia Farache

    Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
  3. Susan M Clardy

    Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
  4. Kimie Hattori

    Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
  5. Palwinder Mander

    GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
    Competing interests
    Palwinder Mander, GlaxoSmithKline has an ongoing interest in the therapeutic applications of BET-protein inhibitors.
  6. Kevin Lee

    Pfizer, Cambridge, United States
    Competing interests
    Kevin Lee, GlaxoSmithKline has an ongoing interest in the therapeutic applications of BET-protein inhibitors.
  7. Inmaculada Rioja

    GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
    Competing interests
    Inmaculada Rioja, GlaxoSmithKline has an ongoing interest in the therapeutic applications of BET-protein inhibitors..
  8. Ralph Weissleder

    Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
  9. Rab K Prinjha

    GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
    Competing interests
    Rab K Prinjha, GlaxoSmithKline has an ongoing interest in the therapeutic applications of BET-protein inhibitors.
  10. Christophe Benoist

    Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
    Competing interests
    No competing interests declared.
  11. Diane Mathis

    Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
    For correspondence
    diane_mathis@hms.harvard.edu
    Competing interests
    Diane Mathis, Reviewing editor, eLife.

Ethics

Animal experimentation: NOD/Lt mice were bred under specific-pathogen-free conditions in our animal facility at the New Research Building of Harvard Medical School, cared for in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (#02954). Relevant studies were also conducted in accordance with GSK's Policy on the Care, Welfare and Treatment of Laboratory Animals. NOD.Cg-Rag1<tm1mom> mice were maintained in our lab's colony at Jackson Laboratory.

Copyright

© 2014, Fu et al.

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

Metrics

  • 4,365
    views
  • 697
    downloads
  • 69
    citations

Views, downloads and citations are aggregated across all versions of this paper published by eLife.

Download links

A two-part list of links to download the article, or parts of the article, in various formats.

Downloads (link to download the article as PDF)

Open citations (links to open the citations from this article in various online reference manager services)

Cite this article (links to download the citations from this article in formats compatible with various reference manager tools)

  1. Wenxian Fu
  2. Julia Farache
  3. Susan M Clardy
  4. Kimie Hattori
  5. Palwinder Mander
  6. Kevin Lee
  7. Inmaculada Rioja
  8. Ralph Weissleder
  9. Rab K Prinjha
  10. Christophe Benoist
  11. Diane Mathis
(2014)
Epigenetic modulation of type-1 diabetes via a dual effect on pancreatic macrophages and β cells
eLife 3:e04631.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04631

Share this article

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04631

Further reading

    1. Immunology and Inflammation
    Denise M Monack
    Insight

    Macrophages control intracellular pathogens like Salmonella by using two caspase enzymes at different times during infection.

    1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    Ainhoa Arbués, Sarah Schmidiger ... Damien Portevin
    Research Article

    The members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) causing human tuberculosis comprise 10 phylogenetic lineages that differ in their geographical distribution. The human consequences of this phylogenetic diversity remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed the phenotypic properties at the host-pathogen interface of 14 clinical strains representing five major MTBC lineages. Using a human in vitro granuloma model combined with bacterial load assessment, microscopy, flow cytometry, and multiplexed-bead arrays, we observed considerable intra-lineage diversity. Yet, modern lineages were overall associated with increased growth rate and more pronounced granulomatous responses. MTBC lineages exhibited distinct propensities to accumulate triglyceride lipid droplets—a phenotype associated with dormancy—that was particularly pronounced in lineage 2 and reduced in lineage 3 strains. The most favorable granuloma responses were associated with strong CD4 and CD8 T cell activation as well as inflammatory responses mediated by CXCL9, granzyme B, and TNF. Both of which showed consistent negative correlation with bacterial proliferation across genetically distant MTBC strains of different lineages. Taken together, our data indicate that different virulence strategies and protective immune traits associate with MTBC genetic diversity at lineage and strain level.