A molecular mechanism underlying gustatory memory trace for an association in the insular cortex
- University of Haifa, Israel
Figures
Figure 1 with 1 supplement
Temporal boundaries of taste memory trace for the association with malaise in CTA.
(A) Schematic diagram of the experimental design. CS, 0.1% saccharin and US, 0.15M LiCl. (B) Box-whisker plots showing Test1 results (memory). 1–8 hr ITI-CTA groups but not 20 hr ITI-CTA group …
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Figure 1—source data 1
Statistical analysis of Figure 1.
Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric ANOVA (1B, 1E), cluster analysis (1B), Mann-Whitney test (1B) and Friedman's non-parametric repeated measures ANOVA (1C) and independent samples t-test (1F) were conducted to analyse the group effect.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07582.004
Figure 1—figure supplement 1
Attenuation of taste neophobia.
(A) The control group from the main Figure 1B, which exhibited taste aversion of about 36% upon the second taste encounter (Test1), demonstrated less aversion on the third taste encounter (paired …
Figure 2 with 3 supplements
Novel taste experience induces CaMKIIα phosphorylation in the IC in an NMDAR-dependent manner.
(A) Experimental design depicting biochemical fractionation from the IC after behavioral training. (B) Representative immunoblots of marker proteins for different fractions. (C) Rats were sacrificed …
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Figure 2—source data 1
Statistical analysis of Figure 2.
Independent samples t-test (2E, 2F, 2G) and one way ANOVA (2I, 2J, 2K) were conducted to analyse the group effect.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07582.007
Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Uncropped immunoblots of main Figure 2.
(A) Immunoblots showing the expression patterns of GluA1, pT286CaMKIIα, pT305CaMKIIα, CaMKIIα in H, P1, P2, P3, LP1, LP2, and S3 fractions. Note the enrichment of pT286CaMKIIa in P2-fraction …
Figure 2—figure supplement 2
Total amount of CaMKIIα in the synaptoneurosomal fractions from IC is increased 15 min following novel taste learning.
(A) 25 min after the rats were exposed to water or novel taste, they were sacrificed, and immunoblot analysis was conducted using the P2 fraction. (B) Consistent with a previous report (Belelovsky …
Figure 2—figure supplement 3
Uncropped immunoblots of main Figure 2.
(A) Immunoblots of pT286CaMKIIα, pT305CaMKIIα, CaMKIIα, and β-Tubulin from P2-fraction for Figure 2I–K are shown.
Figure 3 with 4 supplements
The requirement of CaMKIIα in the IC for associative learning of CTA is a function of time.
(A) Outline of the experimental design. (B) Infusion of CaMKIIα inhibitor TatCN21 into the IC 25 min after the taste consumption in 3 hr ITI-CTA conditioning attenuated the CTA memory. (C) Infusion …
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Figure 3—source data 1
Statistical analysis of Figure 3.
Independent samples t-test was conducted to analyse the group effect. The differences between the variances of groups were corrected following Levene’s test for equality of variances.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07582.012
Figure 3—figure supplement 1
NMDAR and CaMKIIα in the IC are required for associative but not for incidental taste learning.
We investigated whether CaMKIIα and its upstream NMDAR in the IC are required for associative CTA and/or incidental taste learning. (A) Infusion of CaMKIIα inhibitor TatCN21 into the IC 30 min …
Figure 3—figure supplement 2
The effect of CaMKIIα inhibitor on CTA learning is a function of time and concentration of TatCN21.
(A) Top: schematic representation of experimental design. Rats underwent CTA conditioning 8 days after TatCN21 microinjection into the IC. TatCN21 (0.3 nM/μl) did not have an effect on CTA learning …
Figure 3—figure supplement 3
NMDAR in the IC plays a time-dependent role in CTA learning.
(A) Microinjection of NMDAR antagonist, APV, into the IC 25 min after the consumption of novel taste in 1 hr ITI-CTA conditioning with US attenuated CTA memory (T (16) = 2.046, p=0.05). (B) APV …
Figure 3—figure supplement 4
CaMKIIα in the IC does not affect the learned safety about the taste.
In order to test the possibility that the effects produced by TatCN21 in Figures 3B,C are attributable to an increase in the short term learning about the safety of the taste rather than disruption …
Figure 4 with 5 supplements
The requirement of CaMKIIα-dependent GluA1 expression in the IC for the associative process of CTA is a function of time.
(A) 1 hr after novel taste consumption total GluA1 but not pS831GluA1 was increased in the P2-fraction. Upper panel shows the representative immunoblots. (B) pT286CaMKIIα was positively correlated …
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Figure 4—source data 1
Statistical analysis of Figure 4.
Independent samples t-test (4A, 4C, 4D, 4E, 4F, 4G) was conducted to analyse the group effect. Pearson’s correlation was used to analyse the association between the association between GluA1 and pT286CaMKIIα (4B).
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07582.018
Figure 4—figure supplement 1
Novel taste experience leads to an increase in Y1472 but not S1303 phosphorylation of GluN2B.
(A) Representative immunoblots of pY1472GluN2B, pS1303GluN2B, and GluN2B. Similarly to main Figure 3C, 1 hr after the rats were exposed to water or novel taste, they were sacrificed, and immunoblot …
Figure 4—figure supplement 2
Uncropped original immunoblots of main Figure 4.
(A,B) All the original (A) GluA1 and (B) pS831GluA1 immunoblots for Figure 4A are shown. The corresponding β-Tubulin immunoblots can be seen in Figure 2—figure supplement 1. (C) All original …
Figure 4—figure supplement 3
Novel taste experience-induced GluA1 in the IC is NMDAR-dependent.
(A) Outline of the experimental design. (B,C) Uncropped original immunoblots and (C) the quantification thereof. Novel taste group injected with saline showed increased GluA1 expression levels …
Figure 4—figure supplement 4
AMPAR in the IC is dispensable for incidental taste learning.
Micro-infusion of AMPAR antagonist CNQX 30 min before the taste learning did not affect the incidental form of the appetitive taste memory (T (14) = 0.335, p=0.743).
Figure 4—figure supplement 5
Schematic representation of the conceptual parallel taste-memory trace model.
(A) When an animal feels no negative visceral consequence after eating a novel taste, it forms a long term safe taste memory. However, when it encounters nausea, it forms an associative aversive …
Author response image 1
(A) Immediately after ingesting a novel taste a robust taste memory trace is generated and it lasts for about 3h. (B) concurrently, the weak taste memory trace is also generated and it lasts longer, …
