Trained immunity in acute and chronic neurological diseases
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany
Figures
Figure 1
Trained immunity (TRIM) in central nervous system (CNS) innate immune cells and its role in acute and chronic brain disorders.
This figure provides an overview of TRIM in CNS innate immune cells, including microglia, astrocytes, and peripheral bone marrow-derived monocytes, and their contributions to neurodegenerative disease progression. The left panel highlights common neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cerebral small vessel diseases, and ischemic stroke. The central panel focuses on microglia and astrocytes, key CNS-resident immune cells, showing their responses to training stimuli like high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), amyloid-beta (Aβ), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α). These exposures lead to epigenetic modifications (e.g. H3K4me3, H3K27ac) and metabolic reprogramming (e.g. enhanced fatty acid oxidation) that reinforce trained phenotypes. The right panel represents monocytes in the periphery, emphasizing their epigenetic changes (e.g. H3K4me3) and increased aerobic respiration. Together, these adaptations contribute to sterile inflammation, which can be triggered by aging, stroke, or systemic infection and perpetuate neurodegeneration by amplifying inflammatory responses in the CNS.
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Trained immunity in acute and chronic neurological diseases
eLife 15:e106037.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.106037
