(A–D) Anatomy of PAM-α1 (A, B) and MBON-α1 (C, D). Dotted line indicates α/β lobes in the mushroom body (MB) (A, C) or SMP, SIP, and SLP (superior medial, intermediate, and lateral protocerebra, …
Double labeling of the membrane of MBON-α1 (green) and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD1) (A, magenta) or choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) (B, magenta). Arrowheads highlight some of the …
(A) Double labeling of PAM-α1 and MBON-α1. PAM-α1 (magenta) and MBON-α1 (green) are visualized using R72D01-LexA and MB310C-GAL4, respectively. (B–D) Magnified substack images in SIP and SLP, …
(A, C) Two additional examples of the double labeling confirm stereotypy of the projections. (B, D) Magnified substacks for the insets in (A) and (C), respectively. Scale bars, 10 µm.
(A) Diagram of the experiment. (B) Expression pattern of MB299B-GAL4. (C) Blockade of PAM-α1 does not impair STM significantly. 5-min appetitive memory was measured (n = 10, 10, 12). c: …
Scale bar, 20 µm. (B) The LTM performance of MB310C/UAS-shi and MB323B/UAS-shi flies at the permissive temperature is not affected (n = 17, 16, 8, 9, 11). n.s.: p > 0.05.
(A) The subunits of NMDA receptor are down-regulated in PAM-α1. (B, C) Knocking down NMDA receptor subunits does not impair 5-min memory (B: n = 16, 8, 13, 12, 13) but impairs 24-hr memory …
(A) Activation of MBON-α1 was paired with odor presentations and 24-hr memory was measured. (B) Activation of MBON-α1 induces appetitive LTM formation (n = 16, 24, 24). Bar graphs are mean ± s.e.m. …
(A) Knocking down DopR1 in α/β Kenyon cells (KCs) but not in MBON-α1 impairs appetitive LTM (n = 17, 10, 11, 11, 18, 12, 7, 12, 27). (B) KC expression of DopR1 in the dumb2 mutant background fully …
Scale bar, 20 µm. (B) Knocking down DopR1 in α/β KCs or MBON-α1 does not impair appetitive STM, suggesting normal sugar or odor perception of these flies (n = 7, 7, 12, 10, 10, 10, 9, 9, 22). Bar …
(A) Blockade of α/β KCs does not impair STM significantly (n = 8, 7, 7, 8, 9). (B) Blockade of α/β KCs during conditioning impairs LTM (n = 7, 7, 18, 19, 20). Bar graphs are mean ± s.e.m. *: p < …
Bar graphs are mean ± s.e.m. n.s.: p > 0.05.
(A) Blocking MBON-α1 during test impairs appetitive LTM retrieval (n = 20, 21, 11, 13, 20). (B) Blocking PAM-α1 during test does not significantly impair LTM retrieval (n = 7, 7, 10). Bar graphs are …
(A, C, E) Blocking PAM-α1 (A), MBON-α1 (C), or α/β−KC (E) for 1 hr immediately after conditioning impairs appetitive LTM (n = 16, 15, 22 (A); n = 15, 16, 14, 20, 34 (C); n = 9, 8, 10, 7, 15 (E)). (B,…
(A) Chemical structures of odorants. (B) Design of the experiment. For one group, presentation of 4-methylcyclohexanol was paired with sugar reward. The reciprocal group received sugar without odor. …
(A) Chemical structures of odorants. (B, C) The performance declined more sharply in STM (B: n = 20 for each) than in LTM (C: n = 20 for each) also with this odor pair. Each group was compared to …
Feedback circuit model of appetitive LTM formation. Neuronal signal of a sugar reward mediated by PAM-α1 converges with olfactory information in the α/β KCs. The coincidental signal is read out …