Dopamine neurons learn relative chosen value from probabilistic rewards
Abstract
Economic theories posit reward probability as one of the factors defining reward value. Individuals learn the value of cues that predict probabilistic rewards from experienced reward frequencies. Building on the notion that responses of dopamine neurons increase with reward probability and expected value, we asked how dopamine neurons in monkeys acquire this value signal that may represent an economic decision variable. We found in a Pavlovian learning task that reward probability-dependent value signals arose from experienced reward frequencies. We then assessed neuronal response acquisition during choices among probabilistic rewards. Here, dopamine responses became sensitive to the value of both chosen and unchosen options. Both experiments showed also the novelty responses of dopamine neurones that decreased as learning advanced. These results show that dopamine neurons acquire predictive value signals from the frequency of experienced rewards. This flexible and fast signal reflects a specific decision variable and could update neuronal decision mechanisms.
Article and author information
Author details
Funding
Wellcome (WT106101)
- Armin Lak
Wellcome
- Wolfram Schultz
European Research Council
- Wolfram Schultz
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Ethics
Animal experimentation: All experimental protocols and procedures were approved by the Home Office of the United Kingdom (project licence number: 80 / 2416).
Reviewing Editor
- Michael J Frank, Brown University, United States
Version history
- Received: May 21, 2016
- Accepted: October 25, 2016
- Accepted Manuscript published: October 27, 2016 (version 1)
- Version of Record published: November 15, 2016 (version 2)
Copyright
© 2016, Lak et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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