Cellular and neurochemical basis of sleep stages in the thalamocortical network
- University of California, San Diego, United States
- Université Laval, Canada
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
Figures
Figure. 1
Model design.
(A) Network structure of the model. PY - cortical principal neurons, IN - cortical inhibitory interneurons, TC - thalamocortical (relay) neurons, RE - thalamic reticular neurons. There were 500 PY, …
Figure 2
Network activity in awake, N2, N3 and REM sleep stages.
(A) Top: Activity of all classes of neurons in the thalamocortical network model (500 PY, 100 IN, 100 RE and 100 TC cells) with the neuromodulators (ACh, GABA and HA) varying as shown in the Figure …
Figure 3
Characteristic patterns of electrical activity during different sleep stages.
(A) Top: Network activity in PY, IN, TC and RE cells shown for a 5 s time window during awake. Y-axis is neuron index. Colors indicate membrane voltage. Bottom: membrane voltages of selected neurons …
Figure 4
Cluster analysis of the electrophysiological and neuromodulatory spaces.
(A) Delta (0.5–4 Hz) power of the global LFP (mean voltage of the 500 PY neurons) is plotted against spindle (7–15 Hz) power for different combinations of ACh, GABA and HA. Different colors …
Figure 5
Minimal models of sleep state transitions.
In all these simulations only specific indicated manipulations were performed. Other model parameters remained unchanged compared to the awake state. The time of the parameter changes is indicated …
Figure 6
LFP recordings from cats and mice show positively correlated spindle and delta power during NREM sleep.
(A). In vivo LFP recordings from different locations in the cortex (black lines) and the thalamus (red lines) of a non-anesthetized cat. (B) Locations of the recording electrodes. (C,D) Power at …
Figure 7
Model predicts temporal characteristics of the LFP activity in cats and mice.
(A) The network model implementing moderate ACh reduction (to 75% of the baseline awake level) reproduces sleep stage transitions with pattern of activity similar to that recorded from cats and …
Figure 8
ECoG recordings from a human patient show negatively correlated spindle and delta power during NREM sleep.
(A) Patient MG29 had a 64-contact grid and 4 strips implanted over the left hemisphere. After rejection of electrodes that either had poor contact or showed significant epileptic interictal …
Figure 9
Mechanism of action of propofol induced anesthesia.
(A) Model of propofol anesthesia implementing inhibition of ACh and HA release and increase in the decay time constant of the GABAergic IPSPs. From top to bottom: Spatio-temporal pattern of activity …
Figure 10
Effect of GABA on the network state transitions.
(A) Both phasic and tonic GABA conductances were fixed for entire simulation. Note the state transitions similar to the baseline model (Figure 2). (B) Tonic GABA conductance (conductance of the …
Figure 11
Effect of additional parameter changes on the stage transitions.
(A) Network activity in an extended model with ACh and HA having effects on the all K+ channels (Ca2+-dependent K+ current, M-current, K+ leak current), persistent Na+ current and H-current. (B) …
Author response image 1
Multichannel recording from a cat during natural sleep (control) and propofol induced anesthesia condition.
Top plot shows the recording electrode and picture of the implanted electrode. Middle plot shows the activity during natural sleep (raw data on top and filtered activity on bottom). Bottom plot show …
