Hippocampal activation is associated with longitudinal amyloid accumulation and cognitive decline

  1. Stephanie L Leal  Is a corresponding author
  2. Susan M Landau
  3. Rachel K Bell
  4. William J Jagust  Is a corresponding author
  1. University of California, United States
  2. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States
4 figures and 3 tables

Figures

Model-derived individual slopes for amyloid and memory change over time.

(A) [11C] Pittsburgh Compound-B distribution volume ratio slope (PIB slope) for each participant over time, relative to baseline MRI (x = 0), where black line indicates average PIB slope, blue lines indicate little/no change in PIB, and red lines indicate positive PIB slope. The horizontal dotted line indicates the criterion for a positive PIB scan (1.06), (B) California Verbal Learning Test Long-Delay Free Recall slope (CVLT slope) for each participant over time, relative to baseline MRI (x = 0), where black line indicates average CVLT slope, red lines indicate negative CVLT slope, and blue lines indicate positive CVLT slope. All slopes were obtained from the linear mixed model. The following source data (Figure 1—source data 1) is relevant for Figures 14.

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22978.004
Figure 1—source data 1

This file contains the source data for Figures 14.

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22978.005
Relationship between brain activation at baseline and longitudinal amyloid accumulation.

(a) Positive relationship between hippocampal activation (contrast values for subsequent hits versus misses) at baseline and [11C] Pittsburgh Compound-B distribution volume ratio (DVR) slopes (PIB slope measured as PIB DVR values over time) obtained from the linear mixed model, (b) No relationship between non-hippocampal activation (contrast values for subsequent hits versus misses in inferior frontal cortex and occipital cortex) at baseline and [11C] Pittsburgh Compound-B distribution volume ratio (DVR) slopes (PIB slope measured as PIB DVR values over time) obtained from the linear mixed model.

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22978.006
Relationship between longitudinal amyloid accumulation and memory decline.

Negative relationship between [11C] Pittsburgh Compound-B distribution volume ratio slopes (PIB slope) and California Verbal Learning Test Long-Delay Free Recall slope (CVLT slope measured as CVLT scores over time) obtained from the linear mixed model.

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22978.008
Mediation analysis between hippocampal activation, longitudinal amyloid accumulation, and memory decline.

Mediation analysis with hippocampal activation at baseline (predictor, X), mediated by [11C] Pittsburgh Compound-B distribution volume ratio slopes (PIB Slope) (mediator, M), predicting California Verbal Learning Test Long-Delay Free Recall slope (CVLT Slope). Hippocampal activation positively predicted PIB Slope, PIB Slope negatively predicted CVLT Slope, which resulted in a significant mediation (see text for more details).

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22978.010

Tables

Table 1

Participant demographics (N = 27).

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22978.003
VariableMeanRange

Age (at MRI) (SD)

76.5 (5.6)

67–91

Sex (M: F)

8: 19

Education, years (SD)

17.4 (1.8)

14–20

ApoE4 carriers, n (%)

8 (30)

Time since MRI (PIB), years (SD)

3.4 (2.1)

2.8–6

Time since MRI (CVLT), years (SD)

2.7 (1.1)

1.5–6.1

Two PIB scans, n

19

Three PIB scans, n

8

  1. Key: MRI = Magnetic resonance imaging, SD = Standard deviation, PIB = Pittsburgh Compound B, CVLT = California Verbal Learning Test.

Table 2

Linear mixed model results for hippocampal activation predicting longitudinal amyloid accumulation.

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22978.007

Parameter

Estimate (SE)

dftp

Intercept

1.00 (0.07)

22

14.58

<0.001

Age (at MRI, mc)

−0.001 (0.01)

22

−0.14

0.887

Sex (F)

0.10 (0.08)

22

1.27

0.216

Education (years, mc)

−0.02 (0.02)

22

−0.89

0.385

Hippocampal activation (baseline)

0.004 (0.002)

22

1.64

0.115

Time (PIB DVR)

0.003 (0.003)

12

0.87

0.399

Hippocampal activation * Time (PIB DVR)

0.001 (0.0002)

12

3.58

0.004

  1. Dependent Variable: PIB DVR.

  2. Key: SE = Standard Error, mc = mean-centered, PIB DVR= Pittsburgh Compound B Distributed Volume Ratio.

Table 3

Linear mixed model results for longitudinal amyloid accumulation predicting memory decline.

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22978.009
ParameterEstimate (SE)dftp

Intercept

10.07 (0.89)

18

11.27

<0.001

Age (at MRI, mc)

−0.06 (0.09)

16

−0.69

0.499

Sex (F)

2.54 (1.10)

16

2.31

0.034

Education (years, mc)

−0.17 (0.28)

17

0.59

0.562

Slope (PIB DVR)

15.6 (28.32)

21

0.55

0.587

Time (CVLT LD FR)

0.41 (0.17)

23

2.44

0.023

Slope (PIB DVR) * Time (CVLT LD FR)

−20.06 (8.26)

25

−2.43

0.023

  1. Dependent Variable: CVLT LD FR.

  2. Key: SE = Standard Error, mc = mean-centered, PIB DVR= Pittsburgh Compound B Distributed Volume Ratio, CVLT LD FR = California Verbal Learning Test - Long Delay Free Recall.

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  1. Stephanie L Leal
  2. Susan M Landau
  3. Rachel K Bell
  4. William J Jagust
(2017)
Hippocampal activation is associated with longitudinal amyloid accumulation and cognitive decline
eLife 6:e22978.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22978