Symmetry broken and rebroken during the ATP hydrolysis cycle of the mitochondrial Hsp90 TRAP1
Abstract
Hsp90 is a homodimeric ATP-dependent molecular chaperone that remodels its substrate "client" proteins, facilitating their folding and activating them for biological function. Despite decades of research, the mechanism connecting ATP hydrolysis and chaperone function remains elusive. Particularly puzzling has been the apparent lack of cooperativity in hydrolysis of the ATP in each protomer. A crystal structure of the mitochondrial Hsp90, TRAP1, revealed that the catalytically active state is closed in a highly-strained asymmetric conformation. This asymmetry, unobserved in other Hsp90 homologs, is due to buckling of one of the protomers and is most pronounced at the broadly conserved client-binding region. Here, we show that rather than being cooperative or independent, ATP hydrolysis on the two protomers is sequential and deterministic. Moreover, dimer asymmetry sets up differential hydrolysis rates for each protomer, such that the buckled conformation favors ATP hydrolysis. Remarkably, after the first hydrolysis, the dimer undergoes a flip in the asymmetry while remaining in a closed state for the second hydrolysis. From these results, we propose a model where direct coupling of ATP hydrolysis and conformational flipping rearranges client-binding sites, providing a paradigm of how energy from ATP hydrolysis can be used for client remodeling.
Article and author information
Author details
Funding
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Daniel Elnatan
- Miguel Betegon
- Yanxin Liu
- David A Agard
Helen Hay Whitney Foundation
- Yanxin Liu
National Institutes of Health (U54-GM094597)
- Michael A Kennedy
National Institutes of Health (U01-GM098254)
- David A Agard
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Reviewing Editor
- Andreas Martin, University of California, Berkeley, United States
Version history
- Received: January 18, 2017
- Accepted: July 22, 2017
- Accepted Manuscript published: July 25, 2017 (version 1)
- Version of Record published: August 9, 2017 (version 2)
Copyright
© 2017, Elnatan et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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