Offline replay supports planning in human reinforcement learning
- Princeton University, United States
- McGill University, Canada
- Cited 5
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Abstract
Making decisions in sequentially structured tasks requires integrating distally acquired information. The extensive computational cost of such integration challenges planning methods that integrate online, at decision time. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether 'offline' integration during replay supports planning, and if so which memories should be replayed. Inspired by machine learning, we propose that (a) offline replay of trajectories facilitates integrating representations that guide decisions, and (b) unsigned prediction errors (uncertainty) trigger such integrative replay. We designed a 2-step revaluation task for fMRI, whereby participants needed to integrate changes in rewards with past knowledge to optimally replan decisions. As predicted, we found that (a) multi-voxel pattern evidence for off-task replay predicts subsequent replanning; (b) neural sensitivity to uncertainty predicts subsequent replay and replanning; (c) off-task hippocampus and anterior cingulate activity increase when revaluation is required. These findings elucidate how the brain leverages offline mechanisms in planning and goal-directed behavior under uncertainty.
Article and author information
Author details
Funding
John Templeton Foundation (57876)
- Ida Momennejad
- Kenneth A Norman
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH109177)
- Nathaniel D Daw
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Ethics
Human subjects: The Princeton University Institutional Review Board approved the study. All participants gave informed consent to participate in the fMRI study and signed a screening form that ensured they had normal or corrected to normal vision, had no metal in their body, and had no history of psychiatric or neurological disorders.(Protocol#6014).
Reviewing Editor
- David Badre, Brown University, United States
Publication history
- Received: October 5, 2017
- Accepted: December 4, 2018
- Accepted Manuscript published: December 14, 2018 (version 1)
- Version of Record published: December 21, 2018 (version 2)
Copyright
© 2018, Momennejad et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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