The Toll pathway inhibits tissue growth and regulates cell fitness in an infection-dependent manner
- University of Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Bern, Switzerland
- Champalimaud Research Center Lisbon, Portugal
Figures
Figure 1 with 6 supplements
The Toll pathway negatively regulates clonal growth.
When compared to LacZ overexpressing (OE) clones, here used as a control (A), clonal inhibition of the Toll pathway via the overexpression of the NFkB inhibitor Cactus (IkB) causes overgrowth (A’). …
Figure 1—figure supplement 1
Toll pathway inhibition rescues cell competition-driven elimination of minute clones.
Clones lacking a copy of a ribosomal protein gene, here RpL14, are eliminated from the tissue (A, A’) via the induction of apoptosis, as shown with a Dcp-1 staining (B, B’). The overexpression in …
Figure 1—figure supplement 2
Viability assay identifies lethal and partially lethal Toll pathway alterations.
Act5c-Gal4/TM6b female flies are crossed with males carrying UAS-X either balanced or not. The progeny is either wild-type or TM6b (Tubby larvae and pupae, Humerals adults). Phenotypes are counted …
Figure 1—figure supplement 3
The Toll pathway negatively regulates growth.
When compared to LacZ OE clones, here used as a control (A), clonal inhibition of the Toll pathway via the down-regulation of the NFkB transcription factor Dorsal has no effect on growth, but clones …
Figure 1—figure supplement 4
The Toll pathway induces delamination and apoptosis.
Toll-7 overexpressing clones, used as an example, round-up and are highly apoptotic, as observed with anti-Dcp-1 staining (A–A’). Pelle overexpressing clones, for example seen in the DAPI channel, …
Figure 1—figure supplement 5
Compartmentally induced Toll pathway causes apoptosis.
Cactus and Toll-7 are overexpressed in the posterior compartment of wing discs (en-Gal4). Cactus OE compartments show less apoptosis when compared to control anterior compartments (A–A’), quantified …
Figure 1—figure supplement 6
Toll pathway modifications have no or little effect on organismal and organ growth.
Dry weight of Cactus and Toll-10b overexpressing female flies (Actin driver) does not differ from LacZ control flies (A). Dry weight of Dif and Toll-3 knock-down flies does not differ from Cg1315 …
Figure 2 with 2 supplements
Toll pathway inhibition rescues cell competition-driven elimination of loser clones in an infection-dependent manner.
Minute clones, which lack a functional copy of the RpL14 gene, are eliminated via cell competition under axenic (A), normal (A’), and infected conditions (A’’). LacZ overexpression in loser cells is …
Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Methods to grow axenic or infected animals.
In order to develop axenic animals, crosses were set up in cages and eggs were collected onto agar plates (A). Embryos were dechorionated in 10% bleach (A’), washed and transferred into tubes …
Figure 2—figure supplement 2
Flies infected with A.niger have a reduced life span.
Flies are infected with either a PBS control solution, a E. coli solution or a solution of A. niger. Life span was measured. Female flies infected with E. coli and, to a larger extent, flies …
Figure 3 with 1 supplement
The Toll pathway negatively regulates clonal growth in an infection-dependent manner.
Under normal laboratory conditions, when compared to LacZ OE clones (A’), clonal inhibition of the Toll pathway with Cactus OE causes overgrowth in a wild-type background (B’). When the pathway is …
Figure 3—figure supplement 1
Pathway activation-induced lethality is partially rescued under infected conditions and pathway suppression-induced lethality is rescued under axenic conditions.
Lethality is scored as a normalized percentage of non-balanced individuals, since progeny can either inherit either the Act-Gal4 that drives the overexpression of our genes of interest or a TM6b …
Figure 4 with 1 supplement
Infection-dependent role of the Toll pathway in cell growth (pathway inhibition scenario).
The cartoon shows wild-type cells, colored in violet, that surround red-Cactus overexpressing cells. Toll receptors are present on cell membranes. Spätzle cytokines are drawn as blue circles, Cactus …
Figure 4—figure supplement 1
Infection-dependent role of the Toll pathway in cell growth (pathway activation scenario).
The cartoon shows wild-type cells, colored in violet, that surround orange Toll-7 overexpressing cells, as indicated by the increased number of receptors on the surface of the cells. Spätzle …
Additional files
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Transparent reporting form
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39939.016
