Cellular entry and uncoating of naked and quasi-enveloped human hepatoviruses

  1. Efraín E Rivera-Serrano
  2. Olga González-López
  3. Anshuman Das
  4. Stanley M Lemon  Is a corresponding author
  1. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States

Abstract

Many 'non-enveloped' viruses, including hepatitis A virus (HAV), are released non-lytically from infected cells as infectious, quasi-enveloped virions cloaked in host membranes. Quasi-enveloped HAV (eHAV) mediates stealthy cell-to-cell spread within the liver, whereas stable naked virions shed in feces are optimized for environmental transmission. eHAV lacks virus-encoded surface proteins, and how it enters cells is unknown. We show both virion types enter by clathrin- and dynamin-dependent endocytosis, facilitated by integrin β1, and traffic through early and late endosomes. Uncoating of naked virions occurs in late endosomes, whereas eHAV undergoes ALIX-dependent trafficking to lysosomes where the quasi-envelope is enzymatically degraded and uncoating ensues coincident with breaching of endolysosomal membranes. Neither virion requires PLA2G16, a phospholipase essential for entry of other picornaviruses. Thus naked and quasi-enveloped virions enter via similar endocytic pathways, but uncoat in different compartments and release their genomes to the cytosol in a manner mechanistically distinct from other Picornaviridae.

Data availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in the manuscript and supporting files. Source data tables have been provided for Figures 1-5 and Supplementary Figures S1-S5.

Article and author information

Author details

  1. Efraín E Rivera-Serrano

    Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0002-1039-7182
  2. Olga González-López

    Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
  3. Anshuman Das

    Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
  4. Stanley M Lemon

    Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
    For correspondence
    smlemon@med.unc.edu
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0003-1450-806X

Funding

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01-AI103083)

  • Stanley M Lemon

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01-AI131685)

  • Stanley M Lemon

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (T32-AI007151)

  • Efraín E Rivera-Serrano

The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.

Copyright

© 2019, Rivera-Serrano et al.

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

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  1. Efraín E Rivera-Serrano
  2. Olga González-López
  3. Anshuman Das
  4. Stanley M Lemon
(2019)
Cellular entry and uncoating of naked and quasi-enveloped human hepatoviruses
eLife 8:e43983.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.43983

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https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.43983