Statistical learning attenuates visual activity only for attended stimuli
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands
Figures
Figure 1
Expectation suppression within the ventral visual stream depends on attention.
(A) Displayed are parameter estimates + /- within subject SE for responses to expected (blue) and unexpected (green) object stimuli during the objects attended task (attended) and objects unattended …
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Figure 1—source data 1
Expectation suppression within the ventral visual stream depends on attention.
The source data file contains a separate JASP file per ROI, containing BOLD data for expected and unexpected stimuli for both attention conditions (objects attended and unattended tasks; Figure 1A). Also contained is a JASP file showing expectation suppression per ROI split into stimulus driven and not stimulus driven voxel (Figure 1B).
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.47869.003
Figure 2
Expectation suppression across cortex for attended object stimuli only.
(A) Widespread expectation suppression across cortex in the objects attended condition. Displayed are parameter estimates for unexpected minus expected image pairs overlaid onto the MNI152 2 mm …
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Figure 2—source data 1
Expectation suppression across cortex for attended object stimuli only.
The source data file contains nifti images for the whole brain contrast unexpected >expected (expectation suppression). Separate files are included for each attention condition, as well as their interaction (attended >unattended), both in terms of unthresholded parameter estimate, z and thresholded z-maps (Figure 2A). The thresholded z map of the conjunction analysis (Figure 2B) is also included.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.47869.005
Figure 3 with 3 supplements
Larger pupil dilations in response to unexpected compared to expected stimuli during the objects attended task.
Displayed are pupil diameter traces over time, relative to trailing image onset. Pupil diameter data for expected (blue) and unexpected (green) image pairs are shown for the objects attended task …
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Figure 3—source data 1
Larger pupil dilations in response to unexpected compared to expected stimuli during the objects attended task.
The source data file contains the preprocessed pupil diameter traces (participants by timepoints) for each of the four experimental conditions separately (two attention by two expectation conditions).
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.47869.010
Figure 3—figure supplement 1
Pupil dilation influences BOLD responses in V1.
Displayed are the parameter estimates of the influence of pupil size on BOLD responses in V1. BOLD responses increase with larger pupil dilations regardless of whether stimuli were attended and …
Figure 3—figure supplement 2
Pupil dilation influences BOLD responses more in non-stimulus-driven than stimulus-driven V1 voxels.
Displayed are the parameter estimates of the influence of pupil size on BOLD responses in V1. BOLD responses increase with larger pupil dilation. This association was stronger in non-stimulus-driven …
Figure 3—figure supplement 3
No difference in baseline pupil size between attention tasks, nor expectation conditions.
Displayed are mean pupil sizes during the baseline period in raw units for expected and unexpected trials during the objects attended and unattended task. Pupil sizes during baseline were similar …
Figure 4
Expectation suppression is associated with pupil dilation differences and behavioral benefits of expectations.
(A) Correlation of expectation suppression magnitude and pupil dilation differences due to expectation. When predictable objects are attended, trailing images that induce larger pupil dilation …
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Figure 4—source data 1
Neural effects of expectations are associated with pupil dilation differences and reaction time benefits.
The source data file contains two JASP files of the analyses conducted on the correlation coefficients (Fisher z-transformed Rho), correlating expectation suppression (neural metric) with (A) pupil dilation differences due to expectations and (B) RT benefits due to expectations (behavioral measure). Correlation coefficients for data from the three ROIs (V1, LOC, TOFC) and both attention tasks are provided.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.47869.012
Figure 5
Behavioral results demonstrate statistical learning.
(A) Behavioral benefits of expectations demonstrate statistical learning. Displayed are mean accuracy (left) and mean reaction time (right) + /- within subject SE. Responses to expected stimuli are …
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Figure 5—source data 1
Behavioral results demonstrate statistical learning.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.47869.014
Figure 6
Experimental paradigm.
(A) A single trial is displayed, starting with a 500 ms presentation of the leading object and the leading character superimposed at fixation. Next, without ISI, the trailing object and trailing …
Additional files
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Supplementary file 1
Overview of expectation suppression across cortex.
Brain areas showing significant expectation suppression (GRF cluster corrected). Listed are significant clusters with their respective area label, MNI coordinate of the peak z value, the number of voxels in the cluster, as well as the p value of the cluster and its max z statistic. For large clusters (n voxels >700) additional local z maxima (z > 3.72; that is, p<0.0001, one-sided) are also shown with area label, MNI coordinates and max z statistic. Unexp. = unexpected image pairs; Exp. = expected image pairs; Att. = objects attended task; Unatt. = objects unattended (characters attended) task.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.47869.016
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Transparent reporting form
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.47869.017
