Humans can efficiently look for but not select multiple visual objects

Abstract
Data availability
Article and author information
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Abstract

The human brain recurrently prioritizes task-relevant over task-irrelevant visual information. A central, question is whether multiple objects can be prioritized simultaneously. To answer this, we let observers search for two colored targets among distractors. Crucially, we independently varied the number of target colors that observers anticipated, and the number of target colors actually used to distinguish the targets in the display. This enabled us to dissociate the preparation of selection mechanisms from the actual engagement of such mechanisms. Multivariate classification of electroencephalographic activity allowed us to track selection of each target separately across time. The results revealed only small neural and behavioral costs associated with preparing for selecting two objects, but substantial costs when engaging in selection. Further analyses suggest this cost is the consequence of neural competition resulting in limited parallel processing, rather than a serial bottleneck. The findings bridge diverging theoretical perspectives on capacity limitations of feature-based attention.

Data availability

All data and material will be made freely accessible at https://osf.io/3bn64.

The following data sets were generated

(2019) Data from: Humans can efficiently look for but not select multiple visual objects
Open Science Framework, 3bn64.

https://osf.io/3bn64

Article and author information

Author details

Eduard Ort

Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

For correspondence
eduardxort@gmail.com

Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

"This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0001-5546-3561
Johannes Jacobus Fahrenfort

Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

"This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0002-9025-3436
Tuomas ten Cate

Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands

Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Martin Eimer

Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom

Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Christian N L Olivers

Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

"This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0001-7470-5378

Funding

Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (464-13-003)

Christian N L Olivers

H2020 European Research Council (ERC-2013-CoG-615423)

Christian N L Olivers

The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.

Ethics

Human subjects: All participants gave written informed consent in line with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Scientific and Ethics Review Board of the Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Reference number: VCWE-2016-215).

Copyright

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.