Resolving homology in the face of shifting germ layer origins: Lessons from a major skull vault boundary
- University of Southern California, United States
- Natural History Museum of Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Switzerland
Figures
Figure 1
Schematics and nomenclature of major skull vault bones and sutures.
(A) Diagrams of normal and synostotic human skulls. Bones are labeled in black and sutures in blue. Asterisks denote the missing coronal suture in Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome skulls. (B) Major skull …
Figure 2
Evolution of the coronal suture and associated skull bones.
Skull bones associated to the ‘coronal suture’ are mapped on a phylogeny of selected extant and extinct osteichthyans. On one side of each skull, bones are color-coded based on deductions from …
Figure 3
Neural crest-mesoderm boundaries relative to the coronal suture.
Schematics depict neural crest (teal) and mesoderm (yellow) contributions to skull bones of lineage-traced model organisms. Red line indicates the position of the suture commonly referred to as the …
Figure 4
Models of brain to skull interactions across vertebrates.
(A) Cranial bones are depicted relative to embryonic brain, with crest-derived bone in teal and mesoderm-derived bone in yellow. Comparison of zebrafish, chick, and mouse proposes the zona limitans …
Tables
Table 1
Systematic classification of the taxa quoted in the text.
Dialipina* is also resolved as a stem osteichthyan in recent phylogenetic studies.
| Systematics | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Osteichthyes (bony fish and four-limbed animals) | |||
| Stem Osteichthyes | Guiyu | ||
| Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) | Stem | Dialipina* | |
| Meemannia | |||
| Raynerius | |||
| Lingulalepis | |||
| Cheirolepis | |||
| Holostei (gars and bowfin) | Amia (bowfin) | ||
| Teleostei (teleosts) | Danio (zebrafish) | ||
| Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish and four-limbed animals) | Actinistia (coelacanth) | Latimeria (coelacanth) | |
| Dipnoi (lungfish) | Powichthys | ||
| Tetrapodomorpha (four-limbed animals) | Stem | Eusthenopteron | |
| Panderichthys | |||
| Tiktaalik | |||
| Ichthyostega | |||
| Amphibia (amphibians) | Urodela (salamanders, newts) | Ambystoma (mole salamander) | |
| Anura (frogs) | Xenopus (clawed frog) | ||
| Synapsida | Stem | Dimetrodon | |
| Mammalia (mammals) | Mus (mouse) | ||
| Diapsida | Stem | Orovenator | |
| Aves (birds) | Gallus (chicken) | ||
