Acetylcholine acts on songbird premotor circuitry to invigorate vocal output
- Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, United States
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, United States
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, United States
Figures
Figure 1 with 1 supplement
Activation of muscarinic receptors in HVC increases motor vigor.
(A) Experiment schematic and song system. Carbachol (Carb) was microdialyzed into HVC. HVC receives a cholinergic projection from a homolog of the nucleus basalis (ACh, red). The avian song control …
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Figure 1—source data 1
Linear mixed effects model analysis of the behavioral effects of carbachol.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/53288/elife-53288-fig1-data1-v1.docx
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Figure 1—source data 2
Source data for the summary analyses in figure panels D, E, G, and I.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/53288/elife-53288-fig1-data2-v1.mat
Figure 1—figure supplement 1
Further characterization of the tempo and amplitude effects of carbachol.
(A) Normalized (drug/baseline) syllable duration (mean ± s.e.m. reduction in syllable duration for Carb: 0.93 ± 0.58%, n = 20 experiments; Saline: 0.26 ± 0.31%, n = 16 experiments; Carb+Atrp: 0.39 ± …
Figure 2
Microdialysis of carbachol into HVC alters song sequencing.
(A) Spectrogram of a song with a divergent branch point. Syllable ‘X’ can transition to syllable ‘Y’ or syllable ‘Z’. (B) Transition probabilities before and after either carbachol or saline …
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Figure 2—source data 1
Source data for the summary analyses in figure panels C and F.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/53288/elife-53288-fig2-data1-v1.mat
Figure 3
Carbachol invigorates song via the cortical-brainstem motor pathway.
(A) Experiment schematic. Carbachol (Carb) was microdialyzed into HVC, and LMAN was inactivated with muscimol (No LMAN), concurrently or separately. (B) Time course of pitch values for …
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Figure 3—source data 1
Linear mixed effects model analysis of combined carbachol and LMAN inactivation experiments.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/53288/elife-53288-fig3-data1-v1.docx
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Figure 3—source data 2
Source data for the summary analyses in figure panels C−F.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/53288/elife-53288-fig3-data2-v1.mat
Figure 4 with 1 supplement
Carbachol increases HVC multi-unit firing rates.
(A) Experiment schematic. Carbachol was microdialyzed into HVC while recording neural activity with multi-electrode arrays. (B) Example multi-unit site (one experiment; activity aligned to the onset …
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Figure 4—source data 1
Linear mixed effects model analysis of multi-unit firing rate changes following microdialysis of carbachol or saline.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/53288/elife-53288-fig4-data1-v1.docx
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Figure 4—source data 2
Source data for the summary analyses in figure panels C−F.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/53288/elife-53288-fig4-data2-v1.mat
Figure 4—figure supplement 1
Additional characterization of multi-unit recordings from microdialysis experiments.
(A) Distribution of firing rates at baseline. Colored markers correspond to the mean for each bird (mean ± s.e.m. firing rate: 250 ± 7.9 Hz, n = 320 multi-unit sites x syllables, five birds; pre …
Figure 5 with 1 supplement
HVC activity is modulated by social context.
(A) Experiment schematic. Multi-unit activity in HVC was recorded during interleaved female-directed and undirected song sessions. (B) Example multi-unit site (one experiment; activity aligned to …
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Figure 5—source data 1
Linear mixed effects model analysis for comparing multi-unit firing rates in directed and undirected song.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/53288/elife-53288-fig5-data1-v1.docx
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Figure 5—source data 2
Source data for the summary analysis in figure panels C and D.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/53288/elife-53288-fig5-data2-v1.mat
Figure 5—figure supplement 1
Example multi-unit sites from each bird demonstrating social modulation of HVC activity.
(A) Rendition-averaged firing rates aligned to syllable onsets for undirected (blue) and directed (red) trials (mean ± s.e.m.; smoothed with 5 ms SD gaussian kernel).
Figure 6 with 2 supplements
Atropine attenuates the social modulation of song.
(A) Experiment schematic. Atropine or saline was microdialyzed into HVC during interleaved female-directed and undirected song sessions. (B) Song was recorded on three separate days for each bird in …
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Figure 6—source data 1
Linear mixed effects model analysis of atropine dialysis experiments during directed and undirected song.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/53288/elife-53288-fig6-data1-v1.docx
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Figure 6—source data 2
Source data for the summary analyses in figure panels D−F.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/53288/elife-53288-fig6-data2-v1.mat
Figure 6—figure supplement 1
Social modulation of syllable durations, gap durations, and song sequencing.
(A) Normalized syllable durations (directed/undirected; mean ± s.e.m. reduction in syllable duration for Saline pre: 1.3 ± 0.51%, Atropine: 0.89 ± 0.41%, Saline post: 0.73 ± 0.51%; Saline pre vs. …
Figure 6—figure supplement 2
Directed but not undirected songs are affected by atropine.
(A) Pitch c.v. for all syllables from directed (left) and undirected (right) songs (mean ± s.e.m. pitch c.v. for directed pre: 0.0091 ± 0.0011, directed atropine: 0.012 ± 0.0013, directed post: …
Additional files
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Source code 1
Source code for generating figures.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/53288/elife-53288-code1-v1.m
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Transparent reporting form
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/53288/elife-53288-transrepform-v1.docx
