Meng Xie
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Pavel Gol'din
Department of Evolutionary Morphology, Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Anna Nele Herdina
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Jordi Estefa
Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Ekaterina V Medvedeva
Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Lei Li
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Phillip T Newton
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Svetlana Kotova
Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Boris Shavkuta
Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Aditya Saxena
Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Lauren T Shumate
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Brian D Metscher
Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Karl Großschmidt
Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Shigeki Nishimori
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Anastasia Akovantseva
Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Anna P Usanova
Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Anastasiia D Kurenkova
Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Anoop Kumar
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Irene Linares Arregui
Department of Solid Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Paul Tafforeau
SoM, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Kaj Fried
Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Mattias Carlström
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
András Simon
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Christian Gasser
Department of Solid Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Henry M Kronenberg
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Murat Bastepe
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Kimberly L Cooper
Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Univeristy of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Peter Timashev
Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Sophie Sanchez
Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Igor Adameyko
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Anders Eriksson
Department of Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Andrei S Chagin
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
Competing interests
The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas
- Sophie Sanchez
- Igor Adameyko
- Andrei S Chagin
Russian Science Foundation
Stiftelsen Frimurare Barnhuset i Stockholm
- Meng Xie
- Phillip T Newton
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Animal experimentation: all animal experiments were pre-approved by the Ethical Committee on Animal Experiments (N5/16, N187/15, 9091-2018, Stockholm North Committee/ Norra Djurförsöksetiska Nämnden), the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Massachusetts General Hospital (Protocols #: 2005N000094 and 2004N000176) or the University of California San Diego (D16-00020) and conducted in accordance with the provisions and guidelines for animal experimentation formulated by the Swedish Animal Agency. Animal experiments involving limb unloading, AFM and nanoindentation were pre-approved by the Ethics Committee of the Sechenov First State Moscow Medical University (No. 07-17 from 13.09.2017, Moscow, Russia).
© 2020, Xie et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.