1. Neuroscience

β spectrin-dependent and domain specific mechanisms for Na+ channel clustering

  1. Cheng-Hsin Liu
  2. Ryan Seo
  3. Tammy Szu-Yu Ho
  4. Michael Stankewich
  5. Peter J Mohler
  6. Thomas J Hund
  7. Jeffrey L Noebels
  8. Matthew N Rasband  Is a corresponding author
  1. Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, United States
  2. Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, United States
  3. Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, United States
  4. Department of Pathology, Yale University, United States
  5. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, United States
  6. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, United States
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.56629
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Cite this article
  1. Cheng-Hsin Liu
  2. Ryan Seo
  3. Tammy Szu-Yu Ho
  4. Michael Stankewich
  5. Peter J Mohler
  6. Thomas J Hund
  7. Jeffrey L Noebels
  8. Matthew N Rasband
(2020)
β spectrin-dependent and domain specific mechanisms for Na+ channel clustering
eLife 9:e56629.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.56629
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4 figures, 1 video, 1 table and 1 additional file

Figures

Figure 1
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Mice lacking β4 spectrin in the central nervous system have impaired motor behavior and disrupted AIS, but intact nodal Nav clustering.

(A) Accelerating rotarod test performed on 3 month-old Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;Sptbn4F/F mice. Sptbn4F/F, N = 8; Nes-cre;Sptbn4F/F, N = 7. Data are mean ± SEM, **p=0.0017. (B) Immunostaining of cortical brain sections from 3 month-old Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;Sptbn4F/F mice using antibodies against the β4 spectrin (blue), PanNav channels (green), and AnkG (red). Scale bar, 50 μm. (C) Normalized fluorescence intensity of AnkG and PanNav channel at AIS were measured from cortical brain sections of 3 month-old Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;Sptbn4F/F mice. N = 3 mice with a total of 51–70 AIS were measured in each genotype. Data are mean ± SEM, For AnkG, **p=0.0079; PanNav channel, *p=0.0282. (D) STED images of AnkG at cortical AIS from 3 month-old Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;Sptbn4F/F mice. The regions between the yellow lines (as shown in images) were used to generate intensity profile as shown in lower panels. (E) Measurements of cortical AIS AnkG spacing by STED imaging from 3 month-old Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;Sptbn4F/F mice. Data are mean ± SEM. Sptbn4F/F, n = 107 spacings; Nes-cre;Sptbn4F/F, n = 96 spacings were measured from 2 mice of each genotype. (F) Immunostaining of corpus callosum from 3 month-old Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;Sptbn4F/F mice using antibodies against PanNav channel (green), and Caspr (red). Scale bar, 10 μm. (G) Immunostaining of corpus callosum from 3 month-old Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;Sptbn4F/F mice using antibodies against β4 spectrin (blue), β1 spectrin (green), and Caspr (red). Scale bar, 10 μm. (H) Immunostaining of corpus callosum from 3 month-old Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;Sptbn4F/F mice using antibodies against Caspr (blue), AnkG (green), and AnkR (red). Scale bar, 10 μm.

Figure 1—source data 1

Source data for Figure 1.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/56629/elife-56629-fig1-data1-v1.xlsx
Figure 2 with 1 supplement
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β1 spectrin is localized at the AIS of parvalbumin-positive neurons in β4 spectrin deficient mice.

(A) Immunostaining of brain cortical sections from 3 month-old SptbF/F mice using antibodies against the AnkR (blue), β1 spectrin (green), and parvalbumin (PV, red). Scale bar, 50 μm. (B) The percentage of PV-positive neurons labeled with high β1 spectrin in 3 month-old SptbF/F mice cortex. N = 3 animals, with total 166 neurons counted. (C) The percentage of high β1 spectrin signal in cortical neurons labeled with PV or AnkR in 3 month-old SptbF/F mice. N = 3 animals, with total 231 and 251 neurons counted, respectively. (D) Immunostaining of brain cortical sections from 3 month-old Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;Sptbn4F/F mice using antibodies against β4 spectrin (blue), β1 spectrin (green), and AnkG (red). AIS of high and low β1 spectrin expression neurons are indicated by arrows and arrowheads, respectively. Scale bar, 25 μm. (E) The percentage of neurons with AIS β1 spectrin in β1 spectrin low and β1 spectrin high 3 month-old Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;Sptbn4F/F mice. N = 3 mice in each genotype. For Sptbn4F/F mice, 122 and 125 β1 spectrin low/high neurons were counted, respectively; for Nes-cre; Sptbn4F/F mice, 122 and 120 β1 spectrin low/high neurons were counted, respectively. For β1 spectrin (low) population, p=0.1162; for β1 spectrin (high) population, ***p=1.14E-06. (F) Normalized fluorescence intensity of AnkG and PanNav channel at AIS from β1 spectrin (high) cortical neurons measured in 3 month-old Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;Sptbn4F/F mice. N = 3 mice with a total of 50–63 AIS were measured in each neuron type per genotype. Data are mean ± SEM, For AnkG, p=0.0829; PanNav channel, *p=0.018. (G) The average changes of percentage of fluorescence intensity of AnkG and PanNav channel in β1 spectrin low and β1 spectrin high neurons in 3 month-old Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;Sptbn4F/F mice.

Figure 2—source data 1

Source data for Figure 2.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/56629/elife-56629-fig2-data1-v1.xlsx
Figure 2—figure supplement 1
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Mice lacking β1 spectrin in the central nervous system show normal motor performance and AIS structure.

(A) Accelerating rotarod test performed on 3 month-old SptbF/F and Nes-cre;SptbF/F mice. SptbF/F, N = 9; Nes-cre;Sptbn4F/F, N = 8. Data are mean ± SEM, *p=0.0276. (B) Immunostaining of brain cortical sections from 3 month-old SptbF/F and Nes-cre;SptbF/F mice using antibodies against the parvalbumin (PV, blue), PanNav channel (green) and AnkG (red). AIS of PV-expressing neurons are indicated by arrows. Scale bar, 25 μm. (C–D) Normalized fluorescence intensity of AnkG and PanNav at AIS in PV-positive (PV+) and negative (PV-) neurons were measured from cortical brain sections of 3 month-old SptbF/F and Nes-cre;SptbF/F mice. N = 3 mice with a total of 43–44 AIS were measured in each neuron type per genotype. Data are mean ± SEM. For AnkG in PV(-) and PV(+) neurons, p=0.1395 and p=0.3505, respectively; For PanNav in PV(-) and PV(+) neurons, p=0.1813 and p=0.1812, respectively. (E) Immunostaining of brain cortical sections from 3 month-old SptbF/F and Nes-cre;SptbF/F mice using antibodies against the parvalbumin (red) and β4 spectrin (green). AIS of PV-expressing neurons are indicated by arrows. Scale bar, 25 μm. (F) Normalized fluorescence intensity of β4 spectrin at AIS in PV-positive (PV+) and negative (PV-) neurons measured in cortical brain sections of 3 month-old SptbF/F and Nes-cre;SptbF/F mice. N = 3 mice in each genotype, with a total of 57–69 AIS were measured in each neuron type per genotype. Data are mean ± SEM. For β4 spectrin in PV(-) and PV(+) neurons, p=0.5775 and p=0.4268, respectively.

Figure 2—figure supplement 1—source data 1

Source data for Figure 2—figure supplement 1.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/56629/elife-56629-fig2-figsupp1-data1-v1.xlsx
Figure 3
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AnkyrinR fails to target to the AIS.

(A) Immunostaining of brain cortical sections from 3 month-old Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;Sptbn4F/F mice using antibodies against β4 spectrin (blue), AnkR (green), and AnkG (red). AIS of high AnkR expression neurons are indicated by arrows. Scale bar, 25 μm. (B) The percentage of neurons with AnkR in the AIS in two subpopulations (AnkR low/high) of 3 month-old Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;Sptbn4F/F mice. N = 3 mice in each genotype. For Sptbn4F/F mice, 150 and 129 AnkR low/high neurons were counted; for Nes-cre; Sptbn4F/F mice, 127 and 128 AnkR low/high neurons were counted. For AnkR (low) population, p=0.3739; for AnkR (high), p=0.9497. (C) Domain structure and design of AnkG-270kDa-GFP, AnkR-GFP, and AnkR/G chimera-GFP expression constructs. (D) Immunostaining of cultured rat hippocampal neurons at DIV10 after transfected with AnkG-270kDa-GFP, AnkR-GFP, or AnkR/G chimera-GFP expression plasmids. Antibodies were used against β4 spectrin (red), GFP (green), and the somatodendritic marker MAP2 (blue). AIS are indicated by arrows. Scale bar, 50 μm. (E) Quantification of the ratio of GFP signal intensity at AIS versus proximal dendrite in AnkG-270kDa-GFP, AnkR-GFP, or AnkR/G chimera-GFP transfected cultured hippocampal neurons. N = 3 batches of cultured neurons for each transfected plasmids, with total 43–49 neurons were measured for each plasmid. Data are mean ± SEM. For AnkG-270kDa-GFP versus AnkR-GFP, ***p=0.0002; for AnkR-GFP versus AnkR/G chimera-GFP, ***p=0.0002.

Figure 3—source data 1

Source data for Figure 3.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/56629/elife-56629-fig3-data1-v1.xlsx
Figure 4
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Mice lacking both β1 and β4 spectrin have severe motor impairment, epileptic activity, disrupted AIS, and gradual loss of nodal Nav channel clustering.

(A) Accelerating rotarod test performed on 3 month-old SptbF/F; Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;SptbF/F; Sptbn4F/F mice, with N = 7 animals tested per genotype. Data are mean ± SEM, ***p=5.78E-06. (B) Video EEG monitoring of awake and behaving 3 month-old mice showed generalized seizure discharges in Nes-cre;SptbF/F; Sptbn4F/F mice that were not detected in SptbF/F; Sptbn4F/F littermates. (C–D) Quantification of interictal-spikes/hr and seizures/hr in SptbF/F; Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;SptbF/F; Sptbn4F/F mice. N = 3 and 4 for SptbF/F; Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;SptbF/F; Sptbn4F/F mice, respectively. Data are mean ± SEM. For interictal-spikes/hr, *p=0.0194; for seizures/hr, **p=0.0085. (E) Immunostaining of brain cortical sections from 3 month-old SptbF/F; Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;SptbF/F; Sptbn4F/F mice using PanNav (green) and AnkG (red) antibodies. Scale bar, 50 μm. (F) Normalized fluorescence intensity for AnkG and PanNav at AIS in PV(-) and PV(+) neurons in cortex from 3 month old SptbF/F; Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;SptbF/F; Sptbn4F/F mice. N = 3 mice with a total of 37–50 AIS measured in each neuron type per genotype. Data are mean ± SEM. For AnkG in PV(-) and PV(+) neurons, *p=0.0152 and *p=0.0135, respectively; for PanNav in PV(-) and PV(+) neurons, *p=0.0159 and **p=0.0073, respectively. (G) Immunostaining of corpus callosum from 3 and 6 month-old SptbF/F; Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;SptbF/F; Sptbn4F/F mice using PanNav (green) and Caspr (red) antibodies. Arrows indicate intact nodal Nav clusters, whereas arrowheads indicate nodes devoid of Nav channels. Scale bar, 10 μm. (H) Quantification of the percentage of corpus callosum nodes labeled for Nav channels in SptbF/F; Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;SptbF/F; Sptbn4F/F mice at the indicated ages. Data are mean ± SEM. N = 3 animals with a total of 345–377 nodes counted in each genotype per age. For 3 month-old, *p=0.0152; 6 month-old, ***p=0.0009.

Figure 4—source data 1

Source data for Figure 4.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/56629/elife-56629-fig4-data1-v1.xlsx

Videos

Video 1
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6 month-old SptbF/F; Sptbn4F/F and Nes-cre;SptbF/F; Sptbn4F/F.

Mice lacking β1 and β4-spectrin in the central nervous system showed motor impairments.

Tables

Key resources table
Reagent type
(species) or
resource		DesignationSource or
reference		IdentifiersAdditional
information
Gene (Mus musculus)Sptbhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/20741Gene ID: 20741
Gene (M. musculus)Sptbn4https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/80297Gene ID: 80297
Genetic reagent (M. musculus)Nestin-creThe Jackson
Laboratory		Stock No:003771
Genetic reagent (M. musculus)Sptbflox/floxPMID:32052742
Genetic reagent (M. musculus)Sptbn4flox/floxPMID:30226828
AntibodyAnti-Ankyrin G (Mouse monoclonal)NeuromabClone: N106/36; RRID:AB_10673030IF (1:500)
AntibodyAnti-Ankyrin G (Mouse
monoclonal)		NeuromabClone N106/65; RRID:AB_10675130IF (1:100) for STED
AntibodyAnti-Ankyrin R (Mouse monoclonal)NeuromabClone N380/A10; RRID:AB_2491109IF (1:500)
AntibodyAnti-Parvalbumin (Mouse monoclonal)NeuromabClone L114/3; RRID:AB_2651167IF (1:500)
AntibodyAnti-PanNav (Mouse monoclonal)NeuromabClone: N419/78; RRID:AB_2493099IF (1:300)
AntibodyAnti-PanNav (Mouse monoclonal)Sigma-AldrichClone: K58/35; RRID:AB_477552IF (1:300)
AntibodyAnti-β1 spectrin (Mouse monoclonal)NeuromabClone: N385/21; RRID:AB_2315815IF (1:500)
AntibodyAnti-β4 spectrin SD antibody (Rabbit polyclonal)PMID:28123356IF (1:500)
WB (1:1000)
AntibodyAnti-Ankyrin R (Rabbit polyclonal)PMID:25362473IF (1:500)
AntibodyAnti-Caspr (Rabbit polyclonal)PMID:10460258RRID:AB_2572297IF (1:500)
AntibodyAnti-Pan Neurofascin (Chicken polyclonal)R and D SystemsCat.#: AF3235; RRID:AB_10890736IF (1:500)
AntibodyAnti-MAP2 (Chicken polyclonal)EncorCat.#: CPCA-MAP2; RRID:AB_2138173IF (1:500)
AntibodyAnti-GFP (Rat monoclonal)BiolegendCat.#: 338002; RRID:AB_1279414IF (1:500)
AntibodyAnti-Parvalbumin (Rabbit polyclonal)NovusRRID:AB_791498IF (1:500)
AntibodyAnti-active Caspase 3 (Rabbit
polyclonal)		R and D SystemsRRID:AB_2243952IF (1:500)
AntibodyAnti-βAPP (Rabbit polyclonal)Thermo Fisher ScientificRRID:AB_2533902IF (1:1000)
Sequence-based reagentGenotyping primer for Sptbn4flox/flox mouse (sense)PMID:302268285’-GAGCTGCATAAGTTCTTCAGCGATGC-3’
Sequence-based reagentGenotyping primer for Sptbn4flox/flox mouse (anti-sense)PMID:302268285’-ACCCCATCTCAACTGGCTTTCTTGG-3’
Sequence-based reagentGenotyping primer for Sptbflox/flox mouse (sense)PMID:320527425’- ACAGAGACAGATGGCCGAAC-3‘
Sequence-based reagentGenotyping primer for Sptbflox/flox mouse (anti-sense)PMID:320527425’-CTCTGGTTCCCAGGAGAGC-3’
Sequence-based reagentGenotyping primer for Avil-cre mouse (primer 1)PMID:290382435’-CCCTGTTCACTGTGAGTAGG-3’
Sequence-based reagentGenotyping primer for Avil-cre mouse (primer 2)PMID:290382435’- AGTATCTGGTAGGTGCTTCCAG-3’
Sequence-based reagentGenotyping primer for Avil-cre mouse (primer 3)PMID:290382435’-GCGATCCCTGAACATGTCCATC-3’
Transfected construct (Rat)pEGFP-N1-AnkG-270kDaPMID:9744885Transfected construct (Rat)
Transfected construct (Human)pEGFP-N1-AnkRThis paperTransfected construct (Human)
Rasband laboratory
Transfected construct (Human/Rat)pEGFP-N1-
AnkR/G chimera		This paperTransfected construct (Human/Rat)
Rasband laboratory
Sequence-based reagentAnkR-FThis paper5’-ATCTCGAGATGCCCTATTCTGTGG-3’
Rasband laboratory
Sequence-based reagentAnkR-RThis paper5’-AGCTTGAGGGGGTTGGGTGTCGA-3’
Rasband laboratory
Sequence-based reagentpEGFP-N1-FThis paper5’-CCAACCCCCTCAAGCTTCGAATTCTG-3’
Rasband laboratory
Sequence-based reagentpEGFP-N1-RThis paper5’-TAGGGCATCTCGAGATCTGAGTCC-3’
Rasband laboratory
Sequence-based reagentAnkR-SBD-FThis paper5’-CCCCTGGTACAGGCAACGTTCCCGGAGAATG-3’
Rasband laboratory
Sequence-based reagentAnkR-SBD-RThis paper5’-ACTGTTTTGTATCGCAGGGCCAG-3’
Rasband laboratory
Sequence-based reagentAnkG-RD-FThis paper5’-TGCGATACAAAACAGTTGAACGGAG-3’
Rasband laboratory
Sequence-based reagentAnkG-RD-RThis paper5’- GTACCGTCGACTGCAGAATTCGGTGGGCTTTCTTCTC-3’
Rasband laboratory
Sequence-based reagentAnkR-RD-FThis paper5’- TCCGATATCAGCATTCTCAGTGAGTCC-3’
Rasband laboratory
Sequence-based reagentAnkR-RD-RThis paper5’- TAGAATTCGGGGGTTGGGTGTCGAGGTG-3’
Rasband laboratory
Commercial assay or kitGeneArt Seamless
Cloning and Assembly Kit		Thermo Fisher ScientificCat#: A13288
Software, algorithmZenCarl ZeissRRID:SCR_013672
Software, algorithmLabchart 8.0ADI SystemsRRID:SCR_017551
Software, algorithmLeica Application Suite XLeicaRRID:SCR_013673
Software, algorithmFijiNational Institutes of HealthRRID:SCR_002285
Software, algorithmPrismGraph PadRRID:SCR_002798Version 6

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  1. Cheng-Hsin Liu
  2. Ryan Seo
  3. Tammy Szu-Yu Ho
  4. Michael Stankewich
  5. Peter J Mohler
  6. Thomas J Hund
  7. Jeffrey L Noebels
  8. Matthew N Rasband
(2020)
β spectrin-dependent and domain specific mechanisms for Na+ channel clustering
eLife 9:e56629.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.56629