Retrieval practice facilitates memory updating by enhancing and differentiating medial prefrontal cortex representations
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute of Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, China
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, United States
Figures
Figure 1
Experimental design and behavioral results.
(A) Experimental design. On Day 1, subjects were over-trained with 144 pairs of word (A) – picture (B) associations. On Day 2, subjects were introduced to 144 new A-C associations (B and C were …
-
Figure 1—source data 1
Memory performance during Updating (Exp1).
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/57023/elife-57023-fig1-data1-v2.csv
-
Figure 1—source data 2
Memory performance during final test (Exp1).
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/57023/elife-57023-fig1-data2-v2.csv
Figure 2 with 1 supplement
Results of follow-up behavioral Experiments 2 and 3.
(A) Behavioral results from Exp. 2. The proportions of recalled targets, competitors, and 'other' categories during the final A-C and A-B memory tests one day after updating practice. Note, the …
-
Figure 2—source data 1
Memory performance during final test (Exp2).
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/57023/elife-57023-fig2-data1-v2.csv
-
Figure 2—source data 2
Memory performance during final test (Exp3).
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/57023/elife-57023-fig2-data2-v2.csv
Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Incorrect responses during updating and memory performance during the final test.
(A) Proportion of responses during the final test in Exp. 1 by the pair’s learning history during updating. The left panel shows that pairs with more competitor intrusions had fewer target responses …
Figure 3 with 1 supplement
Neural reactivation during the final memory test.
(A) Depiction of the anatomical ROIs used in the main analysis. All ROIs consisted of regions from both hemispheres. (B) The reactivation of target (picture C) and competitor (picture B) during the …
-
Figure 3—source data 1
Classifier evidence during the final test.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/57023/elife-57023-fig3-data1-v2.csv
Figure 3—figure supplement 1
Classifier performances.
(A) Cross-validation accuracy for functional localizer data. To examine the performance of the classifier, a leave-one-run-out cross-validation procedure was conducted on functional localizer data. …
Figure 4 with 3 supplements
Memory reactivation during updating and its change in the final test.
(A) Target memory representation (after subtracting 'other' evidence) during updating as a function of subsequent memory performance (correctly recalled targets vs incorrectly recalled competitors) …
-
Figure 4—source data 1
Classifier evidence during memory updating by subsequent memory performance.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/57023/elife-57023-fig4-data1-v2.csv
-
Figure 4—source data 2
Classifier evidence during memory updating.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/57023/elife-57023-fig4-data2-v2.csv
Figure 4—figure supplement 1
Classifier evidence of competitor and 'other' categories for correct trials during the A-C updating phase.
A similar pattern was found when only correct (target) trials were included. There was greater competitor than 'other' evidence under the RetPrac condition (all p-values <0.017), but comparable …
Figure 4—figure supplement 2
Change of competitor and target evidence with training under the RetPrac condition.
Target and competitor evidence as a function of repetition under the RetPrac condition during memory updating. Error bars indicate within-subject standard errors.
Figure 4—figure supplement 3
Nonmonotonic plasticity model fitting the results for the Restudy condition.
Under the Restudy condition, all three regions failed on the model fitting procedure, resulting in unreliably fitted curves. This may be due to the relatively weak competitor reactivation during …
Figure 5 with 2 supplements
LPFC activity and memory updating under the RetPrac condition.
(A) Brain regions that showed greater activation during memory updating under the RetPrac than under the Restudy condition. The color bar indicates one minus the P-value (corrected). (B) Activity in …
-
Figure 5—source data 1
Percent signal change by conditions during memory updating.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/57023/elife-57023-fig5-data1-v2.csv
Figure 5—figure supplement 1
Brain regions showing greater activation for restudy than retrieval practice.
Regions showing greater activation during memory updating under the Restudy condition than under the RetPrac condition. Stronger activation was found in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), …
Figure 5—figure supplement 2
Brain activity as a function of memory performance.
During A-C updating, the dACC, bilateral anterior insular cortex, and caudate showed greater activities (percent signal change) under the RetPrac condition than under the Restudy condition. Further …
Author response image 1
Author response image 2
Additional files
-
Supplementary file 1
Update method (RetPrac, Restudy) x Test order (A-C first, A-B first) two-way ANOVA table by Memory test type and Response type.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/57023/elife-57023-supp1-v2.docx
-
Supplementary file 2
ANOVA tables of classifier evidence tests.
(a) Updating method (RetPrac, Restudy) x Classifier evidence (Target, Competitor) x Memory outcome (Correct, Incorrect) three-way ANOVA table. (b) Updating method (RetPrac, Restudy) x Memory outcome (Correct, Incorrect) two-way ANOVA table by Classifier evidence type.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/57023/elife-57023-supp2-v2.docx
-
Supplementary file 3
Tables of univariate activation contrasts.
(a) Regions showing greater activation during updating under the RetPrac condition than under the Restudy condition. (b) Regions showing greater activation during updating under the Restudy condition than under the RetPrac condition. (c) Pairwise comparisons of brain activity between trials with different updating performance.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/57023/elife-57023-supp3-v2.docx
-
Transparent reporting form
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/57023/elife-57023-transrepform-v2.docx
