(A) 2-photon laser scanning microscopy image (2PLSM - maximal intensity projection) of a cerebellar BC patch-loaded with 20 µM Alexa-594. Color arrows indicate the positions of the stimulating …
PF-basket cell (BC) synapse-evoked outward currents that are insensititive to GABAergic receptor antagonists are sensitive to gap junction antagonists.
(A) Average compound synaptic responses recorded at a single site, and at different stimulation intensities, reveal an increase in the amplitude of both the direct EPSC (upper panel) and the …
The amplitude of direct EPSCs and outward currents are not correlated.
(A) Representative traces of PF-mediated synaptic responses recorded in three different conditions (WT P90-150 BCs, P90-150 BCs in Cx36KO mice, and WT P90-150 SCs). Black and colored trace for each …
Outward currents are reduced in Cx36KO mice andstellate cells(SCs).
(A) 2PLSM image (maximal intensity projection) of a BC loaded with 20 µM Alexa-594. Dashed white lines indicate the position of the extracellular stimulation electrode on the surface of the slice …
In the absence of direct excitatory transmission from PFs, GABAergic-independent outward currents are preceded by a short-lasting inward current.
(A) 2PLSM image (maximal intensity projection) of a BC loaded with 20 µM Alexa-594. Dashed white lines indicate the position of the extracellular stimulation electrode on top of the slice (off-beam …
Evidence for subthreshold excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSC) transmission across electrical synapses.
(A) 2PLSM image (maximal intensity projection) of two BCs loaded with 20 µM Alexa 594 (red), or 20 µm Alexa 488 (green) using dual whole-cell patch clamp. (B) Membrane potential of both cells (same …
Electrical coupling strength between BCs correlates with spikelet amplitude.
(A) Fraction of BC pairs that are considered ‘connected’ according to different coupling coefficient (CC) thresholds. The dotted red lines indicate the observed frequency of detectable spikelet …
Relationship between coupling coefficients and spikelet transmission, and distance-independence of electrical coupling.
(A) Action potential from one cell of a paired BC recording (left; holding potential = −70 mV) and corresponding spikelets current recorded in a voltage-clamped postsynaptic cell at different …
Presynaptic resting potential influences polarity of spikelets.
(A) 2P-LSM image (maximal intensity projection) of two BCs loaded with 20 µM Alexa 594 (red) or 20 µm Alexa 488 (green). (B) Representative examples of each of the 3 types of unidirectional …
Electrical synapses are more frequent than chemical inhibitory synapses between BCs.
(A) Table summarizing how often each of three methods were used to detect chemical inhibitory synapses in paired BC recordings: (1) presence of outward current without inward component (i.e. …
Identification of GABAergic connections in BC paired recordings.
(A) Top, voltage-clamp recordings of PF-mediated synaptic responses in a representative BC in response to low stimulation intensity (LS – blue traces) and high stimulation intensity (HS – red …
Feed-forward(FF)recruitment of spikelets narrowsexcitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)width and dampens temporal summation.
(A) The amplitude of the first EPSP is not significantly different between those extracellular stimulation sites where an outward current could be detected (OC, red group, n = 22 sites) and those …
Control experiments for spikelet effect onexcitatory postsynaptic potentials(EPSPs).
(A) 2PLSM image (maximal intensity projection) of a BC loaded with 20 µM Alexa 594. Dashed lines indicate the position of the stimulating pipettes on top of the slice (off-beam stimulation in red, …
Spikelet signaling transmission enables temporal contrast enhancement of basket cell (BC) excitation.
Reagent type (species) or resource | Designation | Source or reference | Identifiers | Additional information |
---|---|---|---|---|
Strain, strain background (Mus musculus – male and female) | CB6F1 | Mouse Genome Informatics | RRID:MGI:5649749 | |
Strain, strain background (Mus musculus – male and female) | CX36 KO, 129 brown mice (129S1/SvImJ) | David Paul, Harvard University | Deans et al. Neuron 2001. | The Cx36 coding sequence is replaced by a LacZ-IRES-PLAP reporter cassette |
Chemical compound, drug | D-AP5 | Abcam | Cat#:ab120003 | |
Chemical compound, drug | Gabazine (SR-95531) | Abcam | Cat#:ab120042 | |
Chemical compound, drug | QX-314 | Abcam | Cat#:ab120118 | |
Chemical compound, drug | NBQX | Tocris | Cat#:1044 | |
Chemical compound, drug | Alexa Fluor 488 | ThermoFisher Scientific | Cat#:A10436 | |
Chemical compound, drug | Alexa Fluor 594 | ThermoFisher Scientific | Cat#:A10438 | |
Chemical compound, drug | Mefloquine hydrochloride | Sigma-Aldrich | Cat#:M2319 | |
Chemical compound, drug | DMSO | Sigma-Aldrich | Cat#:D2650 | |
Software, algorithm | Igor Pro | Wavemetrics | RRID:SCR_000325 | |
Software, algorithm | Neuromatic | Rothman and Silver, 2018; DOI:10.3389 | RRID:SCR_004186 | |
Software, algorithm | ImageJ | National Institutes of Health | RRID:SCR_003070 | |
Software, algorithm | GraphPad Prism 6 | GraphPad Software | RRID:SCR_002798 |