Downregulation of the tyrosine degradation pathway extends Drosophila lifespan

  1. Andrey A Parkhitko  Is a corresponding author
  2. Divya Ramesh
  3. Lin Wang
  4. Dmitry Leshchiner
  5. Elizabeth Filine
  6. Richard Binari
  7. Abby L Olsen
  8. John M Asara
  9. Valentin Cracan
  10. Joshua D Rabinowitz
  11. Axel Brockmann
  12. Norbert Perrimon  Is a corresponding author
  1. Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, United States
  2. Aging Institute of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh, United States
  3. National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, India
  4. Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
  5. Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, United States
  6. Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, United States
  7. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, United States
  8. Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
  9. Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, United States
  10. Scintillon Institute, United States
  11. Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, United States
6 figures, 1 table and 2 additional files

Figures

Figure 1 with 1 supplement
Tyrosine is a new lifespan-dependent metabolite.

(A) Heat map showing the metabolites that significantly changed in 1-week and 4-week-old wild-type (B3) and long-lived (O1 and O3) flies. Each row represents a mean of five biological replicates. (B)…

Figure 1—figure supplement 1
Age-dependent increase of GFP-tagged CG1461.

Immunoblot analysis of GFP and tubulin in 1-week, 4-week, and 8-week CG1461(TyrAm)-GFP-tagged flies.

Figure 2 with 1 supplement
CG1461 functions as Tyrosine Aminotransferase/TAT and is necessary to degrade tyrosine.

(A) Relative mRNA levels of CG1461 in tubulin-Gal80ts, tubulin-Gal4 flies expressing either no RNAi, control RNAi or three different CG1461 RNAi for 10 days. Means ± SD. *p<0.05, ***p<0.001 (B) …

Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Tyrosine supplementation increases lifespan of wild-type OreR flies and increases expression of GFP-tagged CG1461.

Lifespan of male (A) and female (B) wild-type and CG1461-deficient flies (both backcrossed to wild-type OreR flies) fed with the range of tyrosine concentrations (1X = 0.5 g/L). Arrow indicates the …

Figure 3 with 1 supplement
Whole-body and neuronal-specific downregulation of CG1461/Tyrosine Aminotransferase extends lifespan.

(A) Ubiquitous adult-onset expression of CG1461 RNAi-1 increases lifespan in females. p<0.0001. (B) Ubiquitous adult-onset expression of CG1461 RNAi-3 increases lifespan in females. p<0.0001. (C) …

Figure 3—figure supplement 1
Neuronal-specific downregulation of Tyrosine Aminotransferase/TAT leads to metabolic reprogramming similar to the whole-body downregulation of TAT.

Box plots of relative levels of tyrosine (A), glucosamine (B), methylcysteine (C), and NADH (D) in elav-Gal4,tubulin-Gal80ts flies expressing either control RNAi or TAT RNAi. FDR adjusted p-value. …

Figure 4 with 1 supplement
Downregulation of CG1461/Tyrosine Aminotransferase leads to reprogramming of metabolism related to mitochondrial function.

(A) Principal component analysis of tubulin-Gal4, tubulin-Gal80ts flies expressing either control RNAi or two different TAT RNAi. (B) Heat map showing the significantly and commonly changed …

Figure 4—figure supplement 1
Neuronal-specific downregulation of Tyrosine Aminotransferase/TAT increases levels of tyrosine-derived neurotransmitters.

Head levels of Histamine (A) and GABA (B) in CG1461/TAT wild-type (wt), heterozygous (het), and mutant (mut) flies. Head levels of DOPA (C), Octopamine (D), Dopamine (E), Tyramine (F) in elav-Gal4, …

Figure 5 with 1 supplement
Whole-body downregulation of Tyrosine Aminotransferase/TAT elevates levels of tyrosine-derived neurotransmitters in fly heads.

Head levels of Tyrosine (A), DOPA (B), Dopamine (C), Tyramine (D), and Octopamine (E) in CG1461/TAT wild-type (wt), heterozygous (het), and mutant (mut) flies. Means ± SD. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.0…

Figure 5—figure supplement 1
Suppression of complex I of ETC upregulates mRNA levels of enzymes in the tyrosine degradation pathway and decreases lifespan that can be partially rescued by supplementation of tyrosine.

(A) Relative mRNA levels of Faa, CG11796, Hgo in tubulin-Gal80ts, tubulin-Gal4 flies expressing either no RNAi, control RNAi or RNAi against different subunits of mitochondrial ETC Complex I – CG9762…

Figure 6 with 1 supplement
Mitochondrial dysfunction/neurodegeneration upregulates the level of CG1461/tyrosine aminotransferase.

(A) Relative mRNA levels of CG1461/TAT in Gal80ts; tubulin-Gal4 flies expressing either no RNAi, control RNAi or RNAi against different subunits of mitochondrial ETC – CG9762, SDHC, CG18809, CG5548, …

Figure 6—figure supplement 1
The effect of downregulation of tyrosine aminotransferase/TAT on GFP-tagged reporters relevant to aging.

(A) Schematic diagram of mitophagy/mitochondrial biogenesis regulation by Insulin signaling, TOR, and PGC1a/Spargel. (B) Immunoblot analysis of GFP and tubulin in heads of 1-week and 3-week-old tubul…

Tables

Key resources table
Reagent type
(species) or resource
DesignationSource or referenceIdentifiersAdditional
information
AntibodyAnti-α-TubulinSigmaT5168
AntibodyAnti-GFPInvitrogenA-6455
Strain, strain background (Escherichia coli)One Shot TOP10 Chemically Competent E. coliThermo Fisher ScientificC404003
Commercial assay or kitiScript Reverse Transcription SupermixBio-Rad1708896
Commercial assay or kitiQ SYBR Green SupermixBio-Rad1708880
Commercial assay or kitBenchMark Prestained Protein LadderInvitrogen10748–010
Chemical compound, drugTRIzol reagentInvitrogen15596–018
Chemical compound, drugMifepristoneCayman Chemical Company10006317
Chemical compound, drugMethyl viologen dichloride hydrate (Paraquat)Sigma-Aldrich856177
Chemical compound, drugProSieve EX transfer bufferLonza00200309
Chemical compound, drugProSieve EX running bufferLonza200307
Chemical compound, drugL-Glutathione reducedSigma-AldrichG6013-5G
Chemical compound, drugLaemmli Sample BufferBio-Rad1610737
Chemical compound, drugRIPACell Signaling9806
Chemical compound, drugProtease Inhibitor Cocktail TabletsRoche4693159001
Chemical compound, drugIdebenoneCayman Chemical Company15475
Chemical compound, drugMitoquinolCayman Chemical Company89950
Chemical compound, drugNuclease-Free Water (not DEPC-Treated)Ambion, IncAM9930
Chemical compound, drug3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanineMillipore SigmaD9628
Chemical compound, drugOctopamine hydrochlorideMillipore SigmaO0250
Chemical compound, drugRQ1 RNase-Free DNasePromegaM6101
Chemical compound, drugTyramineSigma-AldrichT90344
Commercial assay or kit4–20% Mini-PROTEAN TGX Precast Protein GelsBio-Rad4561095
Commercial assay or kitpENTR/D-TOPO Cloning KitLife TechnologiesK2400-20
Commercial assay or kitGateway LR Clonase II Enzyme mixInvitrogen11791–020
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)white RNAi (HMS00017)Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center# 33623
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)GFP RNAi (HMS00314)Perrimon’s lab
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)CG1461 RNAi (HMC03212)Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center# 51470
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)CG1461 RNAi (HMS05690)Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center# 67830
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)CG1461 RNAi (HMS05877)Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center# 76065
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)Hgo RNAi (HMC03775)Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center# 55629
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)CG11796 RNAi (HMC03663)Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center# 52923
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)CG9762 RNAi (HMC06415)Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center# 67311
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)Sdhc RNAi (HMC03497)Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center# 53281
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)CG18809 RNAi (HMS04326)Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center# 56907
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)CG5548 RNAi (HM05255)Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center# 30511
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)NP15.6 RNAi (HMS01560)Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center# 36672
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)CG8680 RNAi (HMC03434)Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center# 51860
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)CG1970 RNAi (HMC04814)Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center# 57499
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)CG3214 RNAi (HMS01584)Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center# 36695
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)mtacp1 RNAi (HM05206)Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center# 29528
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)B3Gift from Dr. Trudy Mackay
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)O1Gift from Dr. Trudy Mackay
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)O3Gift from Dr. Trudy Mackay
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)OregonRPerrimon’s lab
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)tubulinGal4; tubulinGal80tsPerrimon’s lab
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)CG1461-mutantThis paper
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)Actin-GeneSwitch-Gal4Gift from Dr. John Tower
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)Whole body fat body – GeneSwitch – Gal4Gift from Dr. John Tower
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)TIGS-2Gift from Dr. John Tower
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)3X Elav-GeneSwitch-Gal4Gift from Dr. Scott Pletcher
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)ElavGal4; tubulinGal80tsPerrimon’s lab
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)UAS-dTsc1,Tsc2Tapon et al., 2002
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)UAS-p60Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center# 25899
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)UAS-SpargelGift from Dr. David Walker
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)GstD-GFPGift from Dr. Dirk Bohmann
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)CG1461-GFP-taggedVDRC stock center# 318640
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)GFP-CL1Gift from Dr. Udai Pandey
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)hsp22-GFPGift from Dr. John Tower
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)STAT92-GFPBloomington Drosophila Stock Center# 26198
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)Drs-GFPBloomington Drosophila Stock Center# 55707
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)Xbp1-GFPBloomington Drosophila Stock Center# 60730
Genetic reagent (D. melanogaster)Syb-QF2; QUAS- α-synucleinGift from Dr. Mel Feany

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