Lichen mimesis in mid-Mesozoic lacewings
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, China
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, United States
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Figures
Figure 1
Photos of the lichen Daohugouthallus ciliiferus Wang, Krings et Taylor, 2010.
(A) Specimen B0476P, with arrows indicating the lobules. (B) Specimen CNU-LICHEN-NN2019001, with arrows indicating the lobules. (C) Specimen CNU-LICHEN-NN2019002P. Scale bars: 5 mm in A–C.
Figure 2
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of lichen fossil (CNU-LICHEN-NN2019001).
(A) Thallus longitudinal section containing the cortex, with white arrows pointing to the fungal hyphae, and black ones to the algal cells. The fungal hyphae are interweaved with algal cells. (B–D, …
Figure 3
Photos and line drawings of Lichenipolystoechotes angustimaculatus gen. et sp. nov., and L. ramimaculatus gen. et sp. nov.
(A–C) Holotype CNU-NEU-NN2016040P/C of L. angustimaculatus, photo of part in (A). Accompanying overlay drawing in (B). Photo of counterpart in (C). (D) Photo of the paratype CNU-NEU-NN2016041 of L. …
Figure 4 with 1 supplement
The lichen mimicking lacewing Lichenipolystoechotes ramimaculatus gen. et sp. nov. and L. angustimaculatus gen. et sp. nov., and fossils of the contemporaneous lichen Daohugouthallus ciliiferus Wang, Krings et Taylor, 2010.
(A) Photo of part of L. ramimaculatus, with a lichen mimicking forewing pattern, CNU-NEU-NN2019004P. (B–C) Photos of the lichen thallus D. ciliiferus, PB23120; thallus segment in (B); and entire …
Figure 4—figure supplement 1
Measuring lines on lichen-mimicking L. ramimaculatus and lichen D. ciliiferus.
(A) Measuring lines on the forewing of lichen-mimicking L. ramimaculatus, CNU-NEU-NN2019004P. (B) Measuring lines on lichen specimen PB23120. (C) Measuring lines on lichen specimen B0474. Measuring …
Figure 5
Habitus reconstruction of the lichen mimicking lacewing Lichenipolystoechotes ramimaculatus gen. et sp. nov. on the lichen Daohugouthallus ciliiferus Wang, Krings et Taylor, 2010.
The colors used in the drawing of D. ciliiferus is Taupe, referring to the color of extant lichen Everniastrum cirrhatum. The body of the L. ramimaculatus is reconstructed based on living ithonid …
Figure 6
Lichen mimicry and camouflage by insects across major insect lineages.
Time-dated chronogram based on Misof et al., 2014. Specific examples of fossil and modern lichen mimesis by various insect taxa are provided at right. Black dots represent modern …
Additional files
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Supplementary file 1
Table S1 Branch width of forewing pattern of Lichenipolystoechotes ramimaculatus and lichen thallus of Daohugouthallus ciliiferus.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/59007/elife-59007-supp1-v2.docx
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Transparent reporting form
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/59007/elife-59007-transrepform-v2.pdf
