CDK1 controls CHMP7-dependent nuclear envelope reformation

  1. Alberto T Gatta
  2. Yolanda Olmos
  3. Caroline L Stoten
  4. Qu Chen
  5. Peter B Rosenthal
  6. Jeremy G Carlton  Is a corresponding author
  1. King's College London and the Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
  2. King's College London and The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
  3. The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom
  4. King's College London and The Francis Crick Institute, United Kingdom [GB]

Abstract

Through membrane sealing and disassembly of spindle microtubules, the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport-III (ESCRT-III) machinery has emerged as a key player in the regeneration of a sealed nuclear envelope (NE) during mitotic exit, and in the repair of this organelle during interphase rupture. ESCRT-III assembly at the NE occurs transiently during mitotic exit and is initiated when CHMP7, an ER-localised ESCRT-II/ESCRT-III hybrid protein, interacts with the Inner Nuclear Membrane (INM) protein LEM2. Whilst classical nucleocytoplasmic transport mechanisms have been proposed to separate LEM2 and CHMP7 during interphase, it is unclear how CHMP7 assembly is suppressed in mitosis when NE and ER identities are mixed. Here, we use live cell imaging and protein biochemistry to examine the biology of these proteins during mitotic exit. Firstly, we show that CHMP7 plays an important role in the dissolution of LEM2 clusters that form at the NE during M-exit. Secondly, we show that CDK1 phosphorylates CHMP7 upon mitotic entry at Ser3 and Ser441 and that this phosphorylation reduces CHMP7's interaction with LEM2, limiting its assembly during M-phase. We show that spatiotemporal differences in the dephosphorylation of CHMP7 license its assembly at the NE during telophase, but restrict its assembly on the ER at this time. Without CDK1 phosphorylation, CHMP7 undergoes inappropriate assembly in the peripheral ER during M-exit, capturing LEM2 and downstream ESCRT-III components. Lastly, we establish that a microtubule network is dispensable for ESCRT-III assembly at the reforming nuclear envelope. These data identify a key cell-cycle control programme allowing ESCRT-III-dependent nuclear regeneration.

Data availability

Source data files have been provided for Figure 1, Figure 1 Supplement 2, Figure 1 Supplement 3, Figure 1 Supplement 5, Figure 2, Figure 2 Supplement 1, Figure 2 Supplement 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 4 Supplement 1, Figure 5, Figure 5 Supplement 1, Figure 5 Supplement 2, Figure 5 Supplement 3, Figure 6 and Figure 6 Supplement 1.

Article and author information

Author details

  1. Alberto T Gatta

    King's College London and the Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0002-2404-7351
  2. Yolanda Olmos

    King's College London and the Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0002-5952-1607
  3. Caroline L Stoten

    King's College London and The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
  4. Qu Chen

    The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
  5. Peter B Rosenthal

    The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0002-0387-2862
  6. Jeremy G Carlton

    King's College London and The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom [GB]
    For correspondence
    jeremy.carlton@kcl.ac.uk
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0002-7255-1894

Funding

Wellcome Trust (206346/Z/17/Z)

  • Jeremy G Carlton

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

  • Caroline L Stoten

Francis Crick Institute

  • Peter B Rosenthal
  • Jeremy G Carlton

The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.

Reviewing Editor

  1. Suzanne R Pfeffer, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States

Version history

  1. Preprint posted: April 21, 2020 (view preprint)
  2. Received: June 15, 2020
  3. Accepted: July 9, 2021
  4. Accepted Manuscript published: July 21, 2021 (version 1)
  5. Version of Record published: July 30, 2021 (version 2)

Copyright

© 2021, Gatta et al.

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

Metrics

  • 2,015
    Page views
  • 322
    Downloads
  • 12
    Citations

Article citation count generated by polling the highest count across the following sources: Crossref, PubMed Central, Scopus.

Download links

A two-part list of links to download the article, or parts of the article, in various formats.

Downloads (link to download the article as PDF)

Open citations (links to open the citations from this article in various online reference manager services)

Cite this article (links to download the citations from this article in formats compatible with various reference manager tools)

  1. Alberto T Gatta
  2. Yolanda Olmos
  3. Caroline L Stoten
  4. Qu Chen
  5. Peter B Rosenthal
  6. Jeremy G Carlton
(2021)
CDK1 controls CHMP7-dependent nuclear envelope reformation
eLife 10:e59999.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.59999

Further reading

    1. Cell Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    Juan Xiang, Chaoyang Fan ... Pei Xu
    Research Article Updated

    The relative positions of viral DNA genomes to the host intranuclear environment play critical roles in determining virus fate. Recent advances in the application of chromosome conformation capture-based sequencing analysis (3 C technologies) have revealed valuable aspects of the spatiotemporal interplay of viral genomes with host chromosomes. However, to elucidate the causal relationship between the subnuclear localization of viral genomes and the pathogenic outcome of an infection, manipulative tools are needed. Rapid repositioning of viral DNAs to specific subnuclear compartments amid infection is a powerful approach to synchronize and interrogate this dynamically changing process in space and time. Herein, we report an inducible CRISPR-based two-component platform that relocates extrachromosomal DNA pieces (5 kb to 170 kb) to the nuclear periphery in minutes (CRISPR-nuPin). Based on this strategy, investigations of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a prototypical member of the human herpesvirus family, revealed unprecedently reported insights into the early intranuclear life of the pathogen: (I) Viral genomes tethered to the nuclear periphery upon entry, compared with those freely infecting the nucleus, were wrapped around histones with increased suppressive modifications and subjected to stronger transcriptional silencing and prominent growth inhibition. (II) Relocating HSV-1 genomes at 1 hr post infection significantly promoted the transcription of viral genes, termed an ‘Escaping’ effect. (III) Early accumulation of ICP0 was a sufficient but not necessary condition for ‘Escaping’. (IV) Subnuclear localization was only critical during early infection. Importantly, the CRISPR-nuPin tactic, in principle, is applicable to many other DNA viruses.

    1. Cell Biology
    Enrico Radaelli, Charles-Antoine Assenmacher ... Marco Spinazzi
    Research Article Updated

    Impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility are common manifestations associated with mitochondrial diseases, yet the underlying mechanisms linking these conditions remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that mice deficient for the mitochondrial intra-membrane rhomboid protease PARL, a recently reported model of the mitochondrial encephalopathy Leigh syndrome, develop early testicular atrophy caused by a complete arrest of spermatogenesis during meiotic prophase I, followed by degeneration and death of arrested spermatocytes. This process is independent of neurodegeneration. Interestingly, genetic modifications of PINK1, PGAM5, and TTC19 – three major substrates of PARL with important roles in mitochondrial homeostasis – fail to reproduce or modify this severe phenotype, indicating that the spermatogenic arrest arises from distinct molecular pathways. We further observed severe abnormalities in mitochondrial ultrastructure in PARL-deficient spermatocytes, along with prominent electron transfer chain defects, disrupted coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis, and metabolic rewiring. These mitochondrial defects are associated with a germ cell-specific decrease in GPX4 expression leading arrested spermatocytes to ferroptosis – a regulated cell death modality characterized by uncontrolled lipid peroxidation. Our results suggest that mitochondrial defects induced by PARL depletion act as an initiating trigger for ferroptosis in primary spermatocytes through simultaneous effects on GPX4 and CoQ – two major inhibitors of ferroptosis. These findings shed new light on the potential role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial diseases and male infertility warranting further investigation.