The effects of age and systemic metabolism on anti-tumor T cell responses
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, United States
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, United States
Figures
Figure 1
CD8+ T cells are key effectors of the anti-tumor immune response.
Naïve CD8+ T cells circulate through the body, until their cognate antigen is presented to them by an antigen-presenting cell, for example a dendritic cell, in a secondary lymphoid organ, for example…
Figure 2
Systemic changes in the immune system with aging, obesity, and dietary restriction.
T cell progenitors arise in the bone marrow and travel to the thymus where they develop into mature naïve T lymphocytes. Naïve T cells circulate through the bloodstream and secondary lymphoid …
Figure 3
The balance between mTOR and AMPK signaling impacts anti-tumor immunity.
High nutrient states induce mTOR signaling, which promotes anabolic metabolism and reduces lifespan. Conversely, low energy states induce AMPK signaling, which promotes oxidative metabolism and …
Figure 4
Shifts in the tumor immune infiltrate affect anti-tumor CD8+ T cell function in distinct systemic conditions.
In addition to CD8+ T cells, the TME contains other immune populations, some of which are immunostimulatory (e.g. M1-polarized macrophages), while others are suppressive (e.g. M2-polarized …
Figure 5
The net effects of systemic conditions on anti-tumor immunity and ICB responsiveness.
Aging and obesity lead to a reduced anti-tumor T cell response compared to a young, lean adult at baseline, i.e. without immunotherapy, while dietary restriction enhances the baseline anti-tumor …
