De novo learning versus adaptation of continuous control in a manual tracking task
Abstract
How do people learn to perform tasks that require continuous adjustments of motor output, like riding a bicycle? People rely heavily on cognitive strategies when learning discrete movement tasks, but such time-consuming strategies are infeasible in continuous control tasks that demand rapid responses to ongoing sensory feedback. To understand how people can learn to perform such tasks without the benefit of cognitive strategies, we imposed a rotation/mirror reversal of visual feedback while participants performed a continuous tracking task. We analyzed behavior using a system identification approach which revealed two qualitatively different components of learning: adaptation of a baseline controller and formation of a new, task-specific continuous controller. These components exhibited different signatures in the frequency domain and were differentially engaged under the rotation/mirror reversal. Our results demonstrate that people can rapidly build a new continuous controller de novo and can simultaneously deploy this process with adaptation of an existing controller.
Data availability
The data and code used to produce the results in this study can be found in the Johns Hopkins University Data Archive (https://doi.org/10.7281/T1/87PH8T).
Article and author information
Author details
Funding
Link Foundation
- Christopher S Yang
National Institutes of Health (5T32NS091018-17)
- Christopher S Yang
National Institutes of Health (5T32NS091018-18)
- Christopher S Yang
National Science Foundation (1825489)
- Noah J Cowan
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Reviewing Editor
- Timothy Verstynen, Carnegie Mellon University, United States
Ethics
Human subjects: Informed consent and consent to publish was obtained from all participants included in this work. All methods were approved by the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Institutional Review Board under NA_00048918.
Version history
- Received: August 29, 2020
- Accepted: June 22, 2021
- Accepted Manuscript published: June 25, 2021 (version 1)
- Version of Record published: July 8, 2021 (version 2)
Copyright
© 2021, Yang et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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