OPA1 deletion in brown adipose tissue improves thermoregulation and systemic metabolism via FGF21

  1. Renata O Pereira  Is a corresponding author
  2. Alex Marti
  3. Angela Crystal Olvera
  4. Satya Murthy Tadinada
  5. Sarah Hartwick Bjorkman
  6. Eric Thomas Weatherford
  7. Donald A Morgan
  8. Michael Westphal
  9. Pooja H Patel
  10. Ana Karina Kirby
  11. Rana Hewezi
  12. William Bùi Trân
  13. Luis Miguel García-Peña
  14. Rhonda A Souvenir
  15. Monika Mittal
  16. Christopher M Adams
  17. Kamal Rahmouni
  18. Matthew J Potthoff
  19. E Dale Abel
  1. Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, United States
  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, United States
  3. Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, United States
8 figures, 1 table and 1 additional file

Figures

Figure 1 with 2 supplements
Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) deficiency leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in brown adipose tissue (BAT), while improving energy balance and thermoregulation in mice.

(A, B) OPA1 expression in BAT of wild-type (WT) mice fed either control (10% fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD 60% fat) for 12 weeks. (A) Opa1 mRNA expression in BAT. (B) Representative immunoblot of OPA1 and densitometric analysis of OPA1 normalized by tubulin (images were cropped from the same membrane). (C, D) OPA1 expression in BAT of WT mice maintained at 30°C or 4°C for 3 days. (C) Opa1 mRNA expression in BAT. (D) Representative immunoblot of OPA1 and densitometric analysis of OPA1 (total levels and long/short isoforms – images were cropped from the same membrane). (E–J) Morphological and functional characterization of BAT from 8-week-old OPA1 BAT KO mice (KO). (E) Opa1 mRNA expression in BAT. (F) Representative immunoblot in BAT of OPA1 and UCP1 and densitometric analysis normalized to tubulin (dashed line separates genotypes). (G) Representative images of H&E-stained histological sections and electron micrographs of BAT from 8-week-old WT and KO mice (n = 3). Scale bar = 100 μm and 2 μm, respectively. (H, I) Functional analysis of mitochondria isolated from BAT of WT and KO mice. (H) Basal (state 2) and ADP-stimulated (state 3) pyruvate-malate-supported oxygen consumption rates (OCRs). (I) State 2 and state 3 palmitoyl-carnitine-supported OCR. (J) Palmitoyl-carnitine-supported ATP synthesis rates. (K–P) Body mass and body composition in 8- and 20 week-old WT and KO mice. (K) Body mass (8 and 20 weeks of age). (L) Body composition (8 weeks of age). (M) Body composition (20 weeks of age). (N) BAT mass. (O) Inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) mass. (P) Gonadal white adipose tissue mass (gWAT). (Q) Regression plot comparing oxygen consumption as a function of body mass in mice housed at 30°C. (R) Core body temperature in 8-week-old mice housed at 30°C. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Significant differences were determined by Student's t‐test, using a significance level of p<0.05. *Significantly different vs. WT mice. VO2 data was analyzed by ANCOVA.

Figure 1—source data 1

Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) deficiency leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in brown adipose tissue (BAT), while improving energy balance and thermoregulation in mice.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/66519/elife-66519-fig1-data1-v2.xlsx
Figure 1—figure supplement 1
Age-dependent changes in body composition and glucose homeostasis in optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) brown adipose tissue (BAT) knockout (KO) mice.

Related to Figure 1. (A–C) Representative immunoblot of OPA1 and densitometric analysis of OPA1 normalized by tubulin or GAPDH. (A) Inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) (dashed line separates genotypes). (B) Liver (images were cropped from the same membrane). (C) Skeletal muscle. (D–F) Body composition in 4-week-old females. (D) Body mass. (E) Percent fat mass to body weight. (F) Percent lean mass to body weight. (G) Regression plot comparing oxygen consumption as a function of body mass. (H) Percent fat mass to body weight in 8-week-old mice. (I) Percent lean mass to body weight in 8-week-old mice. (J) Percent fat mass to body weight in 20-week-old mice. (K) Percent lean mass to body weight in 20-week-old mice. (L) Glucose tolerance test (GTT) in 8-week-old mice. (M) Area under the curve for the GTT performed at 8 weeks. (N) GTT in 20-week-old mice. (O) Area under the curve for the GTT performed at 20 weeks. (P–T) Body composition and glucose homeostasis in 50-week-old female mice. (P) Body mass. (Q) Percent fat mass to body weight. (R) Percent lean mass to body weight. (S) GTT in 50-week-old mice. (T) Area under the curve for the GTT performed at 50 weeks. (U) Food intake measured in 8-week-old mice under thermoneutral conditions. (V) Locomotor activity measured in 8-week-old mice under thermoneutral conditions. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Significant differences were determined by Student's t‐test, using a significance level of p<0.05. * Significantly different vs. wild-type (WT) mice. VO2 data was analyzed by ANCOVA.

Figure 1—figure supplement 1—source data 1

Age-dependent changes in body composition and glucose homeostasis in optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) brown adipose tissue (BAT) knockout (KO) mice.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/66519/elife-66519-fig1-figsupp1-data1-v2.xlsx
Figure 1—figure supplement 2
Data collected in 8-week-old optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) brown adipose tissue (BAT) knockout mice (KO) and their wild-type littermate controls (WT) reared at thermoneutrality.

Related to Figure 1. (A) Body mass. (B) Percent fat mass normalized to body weight. (C) Percent lean mass normalized to body weight. (D) BAT mass normalized by body weight. (E) Gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) mass normalized by body weight. (F) Inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) mass normalized to body weight. (G) Regression plot comparing oxygen consumption as a function of body mass. (H) Average food intake. (I) Locomotor activity. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Significant differences were determined by Student's t‐test using a significance level of p<0.05. *Significantly different vs. WT mice. VO2 data was analyzed by ANCOVA.

Figure 1—figure supplement 2—source data 1

Data collected in 8-week-old optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) brown adipose tissue (BAT) knockout mice (KO) and their wild-type litter mate controls (WT) reared at thermoneutrality.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/66519/elife-66519-fig1-figsupp2-data1-v2.xlsx
Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) brown adipose tissue (BAT) knockout (KO) mice exhibit improved tolerance to cold despite impaired thermogenic activation of BAT.

(A) Rectal temperature in 8-week-old wild-type (WT) and KO mice exposed to acute cold stress (4°C) over the period of 4 hr. (B–D) mRNA expression of thermogenic genes in BAT of WT and KO mice housed at 30°C or 4°C for 3 days. (B) Relative Ucp1 mRNA levels. (C) Relative Prdm16 mRNA levels. (D) Relative Ppargc1α mRNA levels. mRNA expression was normalized to Gapdh. (E, F) Indirect calorimetry and core body temperature in WT and KO mice exposed to 4°C for 3 days. (E) Core body temperature. (F) Regression plot comparing oxygen consumption as a function of body mass in mice housed at 4°C. (G) Locomotor activity. (H) Food intake (average for each cycle). Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Significant differences were determined by two-Way ANOVA using a significance level of p<0.05. *Significantly different vs. WT mice or vs. 30°C, #significantly different from light cycle or WT mice at 4°C. VO2 data was analyzed by ANCOVA.

Figure 2—source data 1

Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) brown adipose tissue (BAT) knockout (KO) mice exhibit improved tolerance to cold despite impaired thermogenic activation of BAT.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/66519/elife-66519-fig2-data1-v2.xlsx
Figure 3 with 1 supplement
Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) deletion in brown adipose tissue (BAT) results in compensatory browning of white adipose tissue (WAT).

(A–G) Morphological and functional characterization of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) in 8-week-old wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice. (A) Representative iWAT sections stained with H&E or after immunohistochemistry against uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Scale bar = 100 μm (n = 3). (B) Representative immunoblot (dashed line separates genotypes) and densitometric analysis of UCP1 and OPA1 in mitochondria isolated from iWAT normalized to VDAC. (C) Representative electron micrographs of iWAT from WT and KO mice. Scale bar = 2 µm (n = 3). (D) mRNA expression of thermogenic genes. (E, F) Functional analysis of mitochondria isolated from iWAT. (E) State 2 and state 3 pyruvate-malate-supported mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR). (F) State 2 and state 3 palmitoyl-carnitine-supported mitochondrial OCR. (G) Representative immunoblot (dashed line separates genotypes) and densitometric analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) normalized to tubulin. (H) Efferent nerve recording in iWAT. (I) mRNA levels of BATokines in BAT extracts from 8-week-old WT and KO mice. (J) Serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in random-fed 8-week-old WT and KO mice. (K) Representative immunoblots of OPA1 normalized to actin in primary brown adipocytes (dashed line separates genotypes). (L) Densitometric analysis of OPA1 normalized to tubulin in brown adipocytes. (M) FGF21 levels measured in the culture media collected from WT and OPA1-deficient brown adipocytes. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Significant differences were determined by Student's t‐test, using a significance level of p<0.05. *Significantly different vs. WT mice.

Figure 3—source data 1

Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) deletion in brown adipose tissue (BAT) results in compensatory browning of white adipose tissue (WAT).

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/66519/elife-66519-fig3-data1-v2.xlsx
Figure 3—figure supplement 1
Data collected in 8-week-old optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) brown adipose tissue (BAT) knockout mice (KO) and their wild-type littermate controls (WT) at room temperature conditions.

Related to Figure 3. (A) Cre mRNA expression in BAT and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) normalized to Gapdh expression. (B) Fasting fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) serum levels (C) Fgf21 mRNA expression in livers normalized to Gapdh expression. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Significant differences were determined by Student's t‐test using a significance level of p<0.05. *Significantly different vs. WT mice.

Figure 3—figure supplement 1—source data 1

Data collected in 8-week-old optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) brown adipose tissue (BAT) knockout KO mice (KO) and their wild-type littermate controls (WT) at room temperature conditions.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/66519/elife-66519-fig3-figsupp1-data1-v2.xlsx
Figure 4 with 1 supplement
Brown adipose tissue (BAT)-derived fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is required for increased resting metabolic rates and improved thermoregulation in mice lacking optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) in BAT during isocaloric feeding.

(A–L) Data characterizing 8–12-week-old OPA1/FGF21 DKO mice. (A) mRNA expression of Opa1 and Fgf21 in BAT of DKO mice. (B) FGF21 serum levels collected under ad libitum-fed conditions. (C) Total body mass. (D) Percent fat mass. (E) Percent lean mass. (F) BAT mass. (G) Inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) mass. (H) Gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) mass. (I) Regression plot comparing oxygen consumption as a function of body mass in mice housed at 30°C. (J) Core body temperature (30°C). (K) Core body temperature (4°C) (data is represented as average core body temperature during the light and dark cycles over 3 days of continuous monitoring). (L) Final core body temperature recorded for each individual mouse (4°C). (M–S) Data of iWAT from 8-week-old DKO mice. (M). Representative immunoblot for OPA1 and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in isolated mitochondria (dashed line separates genotypes). (N) Densitometric analysis of OPA1 and UCP1 protein levels normalized to succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). (O) Representative immunoblot for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in iWAT (images were cropped from the same membrane). (P) Densitometric analysis of TH protein levels normalized to tubulin. (Q) mRNA expression of thermogenic genes in iWAT. (R, S) Functional analysis of mitochondria isolated from iWAT. (R) State 2 and state 3 pyruvate-malate-supported mitochondrial OCR. (S) State 2 and state 3 palmitoyl-carnitine-supported mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Significant differences were determined by Student's t‐test or two-way ANOVA, using a significance level of p<0.05. *Significantly different vs. wild-type (WT) mice. VO2 data was analyzed by ANCOVA.

Figure 4—source data 1

Brown adipose tissue (BAT)-derived fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is required for increased resting metabolic rates and improved thermoregulation in mice lacking optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) in BAT during isocaloric feeding.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/66519/elife-66519-fig4-data1-v2.xlsx
Figure 4—figure supplement 1
Data collected in optic atrophy 1 (OPA1)/fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) brown adipose tissue (BAT) DKO mice and their wild-type littermate controls (WT).

Related to Figure 4. (A) State 2 and state 3 pyruvate-malate-supported oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) in mitochondria isolated from BAT. (B) State 2 and state 3 palmitoyl-carnitine-supported OCR in mitochondria isolated from BAT. (C) mRNA expression of thermogenic genes in BAT tissue collected from mice raised at room temperature (22°C). (D) Locomotor activity in 10-week-old male mice measured at thermoneutrality (30°C). (E) Average food intake in 10-week-old male mice measured at thermoneutrality. (F) Regression plot comparing oxygen consumption as a function of body mass in 10-week-old male mice housed at 4°C for 3 days. (G) Locomotor activity measured in 10-week-old male mice housed at 4°C for 3 days. (H) Average food intake measured in 10-week-old male mice housed at 4°C for 3 days. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Significant differences were determined by Student's t‐test, using a significance level of p<0.05. *Significantly different vs. WT mice. VO2 data was analyzed by ANCOVA.

Figure 4—figure supplement 1—source data 1

Data collected in optic atrophy 1 (OPA1)/fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) brown adipose tissue (BAT) DKO mice and their wild-type littermate controls (WT).

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/66519/elife-66519-fig4-figsupp1-data1-v2.xlsx
Figure 5 with 1 supplement
Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) deletion in brown adipose tissue (BAT) prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.

(A–O) Data from wild-type (WT) and OPA1 BAT knockout (KO) mice fed either a control diet (Cont) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. (A) Total body mass. (B) Percent ratio of fat mass to body mass. (C) Percent ratio of lean mass to body mass. (D) BAT mass. (E) Gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) mass. (F) Inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) mass. (G) Regression plot comparing oxygen consumption as a function of body mass. (H) Food intake during a 24 hr period. (I) Locomotor activity. (J) Glucose tolerance test (GTT). (K) Area under the curve for the GTT. (L) Fasting glucose levels. (M) Insulin tolerance test (ITT). (N) Area under the curve for the ITT. (O) Fasting insulin levels. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Significant differences were determined by two-way ANOVA, using a significance level of p<0.05. *Significantly different vs. WT control, #significantly different vs. WT HFD. VO2 data was analyzed by ANCOVA.

Figure 5—source data 1

Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) deletion in brown adipose tissue (BAT) prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/66519/elife-66519-fig5-data1-v2.xlsx
Figure 5—figure supplement 1
Data collected in optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) brown adipose tissue (BAT) knockout mice (KO) and their wild-type littermate controls (WT) fed either control (10% fat content) or high-fat diet (HFD) (60% fat content) for 12 weeks.

Related to Figure 5. (A) Liver mass. (B) Liver triglycerides levels. (C) Serum triglycerides levels. (D) mRNA expression of Ucp1 in BAT. (E) mRNA expression of Ucp1 in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). (F) Representative immunoblot of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels in iWAT of mice fed a HFD and densitometric quantification normalized by tubulin (images were cropped from the same membrane). Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Significant differences were determined by two-way ANOVA, using a significance level of p<0.05. *Significantly different vs. WT control, #significantly different vs. WT HFD.

Figure 5—figure supplement 1—source data 1

Data collected in optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) brown adipose tissue (BAT) knockout KO mice (KO) and their wild-type litter mate controls (WT) fed either control (10% fat content) or high-fat diet (HFD) (60% fat content) for 12 weeks.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/66519/elife-66519-fig5-figsupp1-data1-v2.xlsx
Figure 6 with 1 supplement
Brown adipose tissue (BAT)-derived fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) does not mediate resistance to diet-induced obesity in optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) BAT knockout (KO) mice.

(A–K) Data from wild-type (WT) and OPA1/FGF21 DKO mice fed either a control diet (Cont) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. (A) Total body mass. (B) Percent ratio of fat mass to body mass. (C) Percent ratio of lean mass to body mass. (D) Regression plot comparing oxygen consumption as a function of body mass. (E) Food intake during a 24 hr period. (F) Locomotor activity. (G) Glucose tolerance test. (H) Area under the curve for the glucose tolerance test. (I) Fasting glucose levels. (J) Insulin tolerance test. (K) Area under the curve for the insulin tolerance test. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Significant differences were determined by two-way ANOVA, using a significance level of p<0.05. *Significantly different vs. WT control, #significantly different vs. WT HFD. VO2 data was analyzed by ANCOVA.

Figure 6—source data 1

Brown adipose tissue (BAT)-derived fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) does not mediate resistance to diet-induced obesity in optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) BAT knockout (KO) mice.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/66519/elife-66519-fig6-data1-v2.xlsx
Figure 6—figure supplement 1
Data collected in optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) brown adipose tissue (BAT) knockout mice (KO), OPA1/fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) DKO mice or their respective wild-type littermate controls (WT) fed either control (10% fat content) or high-fat diet (HFD) (60% fat content) for 12 weeks.

Related to Figure 6. (A) BAT mass normalized to body mass. (B) Gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) mass normalized to body mass. (C) Inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) mass normalized to body mass. (D) Liver triglyceride levels. (E) mRNA expression of Ucp1 in BAT normalized to Gapdh. (F) mRNA expression of Ucp1 in iWAT. (G) Representative immunoblot of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels in iWAT of mice fed a HFD and densitometric quantification normalized by tubulin (images were cropped from the same membrane). (H) Serum FGF21 level in WT and DKO mice. (I) Serum FGF21 levels in WT and OPA1 BAT KO mice (KO). Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Significant differences were determined by two-way ANOVA, using a significance level of p<0.05. *Significantly different vs. WT control, #significantly different vs. WT HFD.

Figure 6—figure supplement 1—source data 1

Data collected in optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) brown adipose tissue (BAT) knockout mice (KO), OPA1/fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) DKO mice or their respective wild-type littermate controls (WT) fed either control (10% fat content) or high-fat diet (HFD) (60% fat content) for 12 weeks.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/66519/elife-66519-fig6-figsupp1-data1-v2.xlsx
Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is required for fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) induction in optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) brown adipose tissue (BAT) knockout (KO) mice.

(A, B) Analysis of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in BAT tissue from wild-type (WT) and OPA1 BAT KO mice (KO). (A) Representative immunoblot for phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A (eIF2α) over total eIF2α and respective densitometric quantification (images were cropped from the same membrane). (B) mRNA expression of ER stress markers. (C–R) Data collected in 8–10-week-old OPA1/ATF4 BAT DKO mice. (C) mRNA expression of Atf4 in BAT. (D) mRNA expression of Opa1 in BAT. (E) Fgf21 mRNA expression in BAT. (F) FGF21 serum levels at ambient temperature and ad libitum-fed conditions. (G) Body mass. (H) BAT mass normalized to body mass. (I) Gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) mass normalized to body mass. (J) Inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) mass normalized to body mass. (K) Regression plot comparing oxygen consumption as a function of body mass in mice housed at 30°C. (L) Core body temperature measured at 30°C. (M) mRNA expression of thermogenic genes in iWAT samples collected at ambient temperature. (N) Core body temperature in DKO mice exposed to 4°C (data is represented as average core body temperature during the light and dark cycles over 3 days of continuous monitoring). (O) Final core body temperature recorded for each individual mouse (4°C). (P) mRNA expression of thermogenic genes in BAT samples. (Q) mRNA expression of thermogenic genes in iWAT samples. (R) Representative immunoblot for uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) normalized to GAPDH (images were cropped from the same membrane) in iWAT and respective densitometric quantification (P–R collected after 3 days at 4°C). Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Significant differences were determined by Student’s t-test, using a significance level of p<0.05. *Significantly different vs. WT. VO2 data was analyzed by ANCOVA.

Figure 7—source data 1

Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is required for fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) induction in optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) brown adipose tissue (BAT) knockout (KO) mice.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/66519/elife-66519-fig7-data1-v2.xlsx
Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) induction in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is necessary for the resistance to diet-induced obesity (DIO) and insulin resistance (IR) in optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) BAT knockout (KO) mice.

(A–K) Data from wild-type (WT) and OPA1/ATF4 BAT DKO mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. (A) Total body mass. (B) Percent ratio of fat mass to body mass. (C) Percent ratio of lean mass to body mass. (D) Glucose tolerance test. (E) Area under the curve for the glucose tolerance test. (F) Fasting glucose levels. (G) Insulin tolerance test. (H) Area under the curve for the insulin tolerance test. (I) Fasting insulin levels. (J) Liver mass normalized to body mass. (K) Liver triglycerides levels. Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Significant differences were determined by Student's t‐test, using a significance level of p<0.05.

Figure 8—source data 1

Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) induction in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is necessary for the resistance to diet-induced obesity (DIO) and insulin resistance (IR) in optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) BAT knockout (KO) mice.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/66519/elife-66519-fig8-data1-v2.xlsx

Tables

Key resources table
Reagent type (species) or resourceDesignationSource or referenceIdentifiersAdditional information
Strain, strain background (mouse, C57Bl/6J)Murine modelsJackson LaboratoriesJAX Stock
#024670
RRID:IMSR_JAX:024670
Tg (Ucp1-cre)1Evdr; male and female
Strain, strain background (mouse, C57Bl/6J)Murine modelsJackson LaboratoriesJAX Stock #025124
RRID:IMSR_JAX:025124
C57BL/6-Tg(Adipoq-cre/ERT2)1Soff/J; male and female
AntibodyAnti-OPA1 (Mouse monoclonal)BD Biosciences#612606
RRID:AB_399888
WB (1:1000), primary
AntibodyAnti-FGF21(Rabbit monoclonal)Abcam#ab171941WB (1:1000), primary
AntibodyAnti-GAPDH (Rabbit monoclonal)Cell Signaling Technology#2118
RRID:AB_561053
WB (1:1000), primary
AntibodyAnti-VDAC (Rabbit polyclonal)Thermo Scientific#PA1‐954A
RRID:AB_2304154
WB (1:1000), primary
AntibodyAnti-UCP1 (Rabbit polyclonal)Abcam#Ab10983
RRID:AB_2241462
WB (1:1000), primary
Histology 1:250
AntibodyAnti-SDH (Mouse monoclonal)Abcam#Ab14714WB (1:1000), primary
AntibodyAnti-α-tubulin (Mouse monoclonal)Sigma#T9026WB (1:1000), primary
AntibodyAnti-β-actin (Rabbit polyclonal)Sigma#A2066
RRID:AB_476693
WB (1:1000), primary
AntibodyAnti-tyrosine hydroxylase (Rabbit polyclonal)Cell Signaling Technology#2792
RRID:AB_2303165
WB (1:1000), primary
AntibodyAnti-phosphorylated eIF2α serine 51 (Rabbit monoclonal)Cell Signaling Technology#3597WB (1:1000), primary
Antibodyanti-eIF2α (Mouse monoclonal)Santa Cruz Biotechnology#SC81261WB (1:1000), primary
AntibodyIRDye 800CW anti‐mouseLI-COR#925‐32212
RRID:AB_2716622
WB (1:10,000), secondary
AntibodyAlexa Fluor anti‐rabbit 680Invitrogen#A27042WB (1:10,000), secondary
AntibodyAnti-rabbit biotinylated secondary antibodyCell Signaling Technology#14708Histology (1:500)
Chemical compound, drug5-hydroxytamoxifenSigmaT176Used in vitro
Commercial assay or kitRNeasy kitQiagen Inc#74104
Commercial assay or kitEnzyChrom Triglyceride Assay KitBioAssay Systems#ETGA-200
Commercial assay or kitMouse/rat fibroblast growth factor 21 ELISABiovendor#RD291108200R
Commercial assay or kitUltra-Sensitive Mouse Insulin ELISA KitChrystal Chem#90080
Commercial assay or kitHigh-Capacity cDNA reverse Transcription KitApplied Biosystems#4368814
Commercial assay or kitHematoxylin and Eosin Stain KitVector Laboratories#H3502
Software, algorithmGraphPad Prism SoftwareGraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USAVersion 8.0.0 for Windows
RRID:SCR_002798
Other2920X, standard chowHarlan Teklad2920X
OtherChow, 60% HFDResearch DietsD12492
OtherChow, 10% ControlResearch DietsD12450J
Sequence-based reagentFgf21_FIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersTGACGACCAAGACACTGAAGC
Sequence-based reagentFgf21_RIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersTTTGAGCTCCAGGAGACTTTCTG
Sequence-based reagentAtf4_FIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersAGCAAAACAAGACAGCAGCC
Sequence-based reagentAtf4_RIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersACTCTCTTCTTCCCCCTTGC
Sequence-based reagentChop_FIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersGTCCCTAGCTTGGCTGACAGA
Sequence-based reagentChop _RIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersTGGAGAGCGAGGGCTTTG
Sequence-based reagentErn1_FIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersTGAAACACC CCTTCTTCTGG
Sequence-based reagentErn1_RIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersCCT CCT TTT CTA TTC GGT CAC TT
Sequence-based reagentOpa1_FIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersATACTGGGATCTGCTGTTGG
Sequence-based reagentOpa1_RIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersAAGTCAGGCACAATCCACTT
Sequence-based reagentUcp1_FIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersGTGAAGGTCAGAATGCAAGC
Sequence-based reagentUcp1_RIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersAGGGCCCCCTTCATGAGGTC
Sequence-based reagentPrdm16_FIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersCAGCACGGTGAAGCCATTC
Sequence-based reagentPrdm16_RIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersGCGTGCATCCGCTTGTG
Sequence-based reagentGapdh_FIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersAACGACCCCTTCATTGAC
Sequence-based reagentGapdh_RIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersTCCACGACATACTCAGCAC
Sequence-based reagentPpargc1a_FIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersGTAAATCTGCGGGATGATGG
Sequence-based reagentPpargc1a_RIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersAGCAGGGTCAAAATCGTCTG
Sequence-based reagentDio2_FIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersAATTATGCCTCGGAGAAGACCG
Sequence-based reagentDio2_RIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersGGCAGTTGCCTAGTGAAAGGT
Sequence-based reagentNrg4_FIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersACTCACTAAGCCAGAGTGAAGCAGG
Sequence-based reagentNrg4_RIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersCATGTCGTCTCTACAGGTGCTCTGC
Sequence-based reagentCre_FIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersAATGCTTCTGTCCGTTTGCC
Sequence-based reagentCre_RIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersACATCTTCAGGTTCTGCGGG
Sequence-based reagentCpt1b_FIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersTGCCTTTACATCGTCTCCAA
Sequence-based reagentCpt1b_RIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersAGACCCCGTAGCCATCATC
Sequence-based reagentPpara_FIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersGAGAATCCACGAAGCCTACC
Sequence-based reagentPpara_RIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersATTCGGACCTCTGCCTCTTT
Sequence-based reagentAcadm_FIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersACTGACGCCGTTCAGATTTT
Sequence-based reagentAcadm_RIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersGCTTAGTTACACGAGGGTGATG
Sequence-based reagentMetrnl_FIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersCTGGAGCAGGGAGGCTTATTT
Sequence-based reagentMetrnl_RIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersGGACAACAAAGTCACTGGTACAG
Sequence-based reagentBmp8b_FIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersCAACCACGCCACTATGCA
Sequence-based reagentBmp8b_RIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersCACTCAGCTCAGTAGGCACA
Sequence-based reagentSlit2-c_FIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersGCTGTGAACCATGCCACAAG
Sequence-based reagentSlilt2-c_RIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersCACACATTTGTTTCCGAGGCA
Sequence-based reagentEvlov6_FIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersTCAGCAAAGCACCCGAAC
Sequence-based reagentEvlov6_RIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersAGCGACCATGTCTTTGTAGGAG
Sequence-based reagentIl6_FIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersTGGGAAATCGTGGAAATGAG
Sequence-based reagentIl6_RIntegrated DNA Technologies, IncPCR primersGAAGGACTCTGGCTTTGTCTT

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  1. Renata O Pereira
  2. Alex Marti
  3. Angela Crystal Olvera
  4. Satya Murthy Tadinada
  5. Sarah Hartwick Bjorkman
  6. Eric Thomas Weatherford
  7. Donald A Morgan
  8. Michael Westphal
  9. Pooja H Patel
  10. Ana Karina Kirby
  11. Rana Hewezi
  12. William Bùi Trân
  13. Luis Miguel García-Peña
  14. Rhonda A Souvenir
  15. Monika Mittal
  16. Christopher M Adams
  17. Kamal Rahmouni
  18. Matthew J Potthoff
  19. E Dale Abel
(2021)
OPA1 deletion in brown adipose tissue improves thermoregulation and systemic metabolism via FGF21
eLife 10:e66519.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.66519