Proposed therapy, developed in a Pcdh15-deficient mouse, for progressive loss of vision in human Usher syndrome
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, United States
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Pakistan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, United States
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, United States
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, United States
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, United States
Figures
Figure 1 with 1 supplement
USH1F p.Arg245* spectrum and longitudinal eye phenotype.
(a–c) Fundus images depicting the spectrum of retinal findings in p.Arg245* USH1F patients, show mottling of pigment epithelium, attenuation of retinal vasculature, and pallor of optic nerve head …
Figure 1—figure supplement 1
Fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and electroretinography in compound heterozygous patient LMG197 #1831.
(a–c) Left eye fundus autofluorescence in (c) shows a central area, delineated by white arrowheads, of complete loss of autofluorescence consistent with RPE atrophy (compare with normal fundus …
Figure 2 with 4 supplements
Loss of protocadherin-15 leads to visual dysfunction over a period of 1 year.
(a) Quantification of scotopic (dark adapted) responses from littermate control (Pcdh15+/+ or Pcdh15R250X/+) and mutant (Pcdh15R250X/R250X) mice at 1 month of age revealed progressive loss of both …
Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Validation of loss of protocadherin-15 in the retina and cochlea of Pcdh15R250X mutant mice.
(a) Confocal micrographs of P97 mouse retinae from control and Pcdh15R250X mutants immunostained for protocadherin-15 (PCDH15, cyan, left panel) and opsin to label outer segments (OS, magenta, center…
Figure 2—figure supplement 2
Pcdh15R250X mutant mice have profound hearing loss and severe vestibular system dysfunction.
(a) Average thresholds of acoustic brainstem response (ABR) to broadband clicks and tone-pips with frequencies of 8 kHz, 16 kHz, and 32 kHz in control (Pcdh15R250X/+; black) and mutant (Pcdh15R250X/R…
Figure 2—figure supplement 3
Pcdh15R250X mutant mice have degeneration of sensory hair cells in the organ of Corti (a, b).
Confocal micrographs of P60 organ of Corti (a) and vestibular end organs (b) of control (Pcdh15R250X/+) and mutant (Pcdh15R250X/R250X) mice immunostained with myosin VIIa antibody (green) and …
Figure 2—figure supplement 4
Loss of protocadherin-15 leads to retinal dysfunction in Pcdh15R250X mutant mice.
(a) Representative ERG waveforms from 1-month-old mice of the denoted genotypes show normal wave architecture with significantly reduced waveforms for mutant mice. (b) b/a ratio shows the mutant …
Figure 3 with 2 supplements
Loss of protocadherin-15 leads to aberrant localization of key proteins involved in the phototransduction cascade and retinoid cycle.
(a) Representative confocal micrographs of light-adapted retinae show mislocalization of phototransduction cascade proteins, arrestin, and transducin, to both the inner segment (IS) and outer …
Figure 3—figure supplement 1
Loss of protocadherin-15 does not affect dark-adapted localization of key phototransduction cascade proteins.
(a) Representative confocal micrographs of dark-adapted retinae show the correct localization of phototransduction cascade proteins, transducin to the outer segment (OS), and arrestin to the inner …
Figure 3—figure supplement 2
Loss of protocadherin-15 did not apparent degeneration of RPE in Pcdh15R250X/R250X mutant mice.
Transmission electron micrographs of 1–2-month-old mice of denoted genotype show normal RPE with no obvious structural abnormalities, irrespective of genotype. Scale bar: 2 µm. Data presented as …
Figure 4 with 2 supplements
Exogenous 9-cis retinal rescues ERG deficits in young and old mutant mice.
(a, d) Representative scotopic ERG traces from young (2–3 months) (a) and old (6–7 months) (d). 9-cis retinal injected Pcdh15 mutant mice (right panels) show waveforms comparable to vehicle-injected …
Figure 4—figure supplement 1
Accumulation of various retinoids in tissues following exogenous 9-cis retinal delivery.
(a) Eye and (b) liver. Student’s unpaired t-test, p<0.05 (*), ns. not significant.
Figure 4—figure supplement 2
Exogenous 9-cis retinal does not improve the mislocalization of key phototransduction cascade proteins.
(a) Representative confocal micrographs of light-adapted retinae from vehicle-injected control mice (Pcdh15R250X/+), exhibit the correct localization of phototransduction cascade proteins, …
Tables
Table 1
Ophthalmic clinical manifestations of patients with biallelic PCDH15 mutations.
Eleven patients in this study are homozygous for the p.Arg245* variants while two siblings carry compound heterozygous variants, ¥p.Arg245*/p.Arg929*. Visual acuity assessments consistently show a …
| Age (years) | BCVA OD; OS | Visual field OD | Visual field OS | Lens | Macula | Spicules/mottling | Optic nerve | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LMG210 #1563 | 12 | 20/25; 20/30 | 90, ND, ND | 90, ND, ND | Clear | Normal | N/A | N/A |
| 22 | 20/40; 20/50 | 30, 0, 0 | 28, 0, 0 | Mild PSC | Pigment | Spicules | Pale | |
| 35 | HM; HM | 20, 0, 0 | 15, 0, 0 | PSC | Atrophy | Spicules | Pale +3 | |
| LMG279 #1795 | 19 | 20/25; 20/32 | 50, 15, 0 | 65, 18, 0 | PSC | Normal | Spicules | Pale |
| LMG268 #1722 | 37 | 20/30; 20/30 | 23, 14, 10 | 20, 12, 10 | PSC | Normal | Spicules | Pale |
| 50 | 20/160; 20/50 | 12, 1, 0 | 15, 2, 0 | PSC | Atrophy OD | Spicules | Pale | |
| 59 | LP; 20/500 | 0, 0, 0 | 6, 0, 0 | PSC+NS | Atrophy | Spicules | Pale | |
| 67 | LP; HM | ND | ND | PSC+NS OD; | Atrophy | Spicules | Pale | |
| IOL OS | ||||||||
| LMG178 #1463 | 25 | 20/100; 20/30 | ND | ND | Mild PSC | CME | Spicules | ONH swelling |
| 26 | 20/50; 20/40 | 30, 8, 0 | 35, 25, 0 | Mild PSC | CME | Spicules | Resolved swelling | |
| LMG200 #1539 | 8 | 20/30; 20/30 | ND | ND | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 25 | 20/50; 20/40 | 40, 0, 0 | 40, 0, 0 | Clear | Atrophy | Spicules | Pale+1 | |
| LMG200 #1538 | 6 | 20/40; 20/30 | ND | ND | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 22 | 20/100; 20/60 | 6, 0, 0 | 9, 0, 0 | Clear | Atrophy | Spicules | Pale+1 | |
| LMG186 #1484 | 21 | 20/30; 20/40 | HVF | HVF | Mild PSC | Normal | Spicules | Pale |
| Diameter 5° | Diameter 10° | |||||||
| LMG407 #2149 | 55 | 20/400; 20/300 | 3, 0, 0 | 5, 0, 0 | IOL OU | Atrophy | Spicules | Pale +3 |
| LMG322 #1917 | 22 | 20/60; 20/30 | 140, 30, 0 | 145, 30, 0 | Clear | CME | Spicules | Normal |
| LMG322 #1916 | 11 | 20/25; 20/25 | 110, 35, 0 | 110, 30, 0 | Clear | Normal | Spicules | Normal |
| 16 | 20/25; 20/25 | 110, 35, 0 | 110, 30, 0 | Clear | Normal | Spicules | Normal | |
| LMG125 #1221 | 12 | 20/30; 20/30 | ND | ND | Clear | CME, ERM | Spicules | Pale |
| LMG197 #1831¥ | 30 | 20/50, 20/50 | 80, 7, 0 | 100, 10, 0 | PSC | Normal | Spicules | Pale +1 |
| 38 | 20/60, 20/60 | 40, 0, 0 | 60, 4, 0 | PSC | Atrophy | Spicules | Pale +2 | |
| 50 | 20/160, 20/100 | 15, 0, 0 | 22, 0, 0 | PSC | Atrophy | Spicules | Pale +3 | |
| LMG197 #1839¥ | 27 | 20/60, 20/125 | 140, 15, 0 | 140, 15, 0 | Clear | ERM | RPE atrophy | Pale +1 |
| 37 | 20/125, 20/250 | 65, 13, 0 | 55, 10, 0 | Clear | ERM | Spicules | Pale +3 | |
| 52 | 20/250, 20/250 | 35, 12, 0 | 30, 4, 0 | PSC +1 | Atrophy | Spicules | Pale +3 |
Key resources table
| Reagent type (species) or resource | Designation | Source or reference | Identifiers | Additional information |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene (mouse) | Pcdh15 | GenBank | Gene ID: 11994 | |
| Gene (human) | PCDH15 | GenBank | Gene ID: 65217 | |
| Genetic reagent (Mus musculus) | Pcdh15R250X | This paper | ||
| Antibody | Protocadherin-15 (Rabbit polyclonal) | Ahmed et al., 2003a | PB303;C-terminus | IF (1:200) |
| Antibody | Opsin (Ret-P1; mouse monoclonal) | MilliporeSigma | MAB5316 | IF (1:500) |
| Antibody | Transducin (mouse monoclonal) | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | Sc-517057 | IF (1:100) |
| Antibody | Arrestin(mouse monoclonal) | Drs. Paul Hargrave and Clay Smith, University of Florida, FA | clone C10C10 | IF (1:25) |
| Antibody | Protocadherin-15(Rabbit polyclonal) | Ahmed et al., 2006 | HL5614;N-terminus | IF (1:1200) |
| Antibody | Transducin(mouse monoclonal) | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | Sc-517057 | IF (1:100) |
| Antibody | Rhodopsin clone RET-P1(mouse monoclonal) | EMD Millipore | MAB5316 | IF (1:250) |
| Antibody | Actin clone 13E5(Rabbit polyclonal) | Cell Signaling Technology | 4970S | IF (1:200) |
| Probe | Rhodamine phalloidin | Thermo Fisher Scientific | R415 | IF (1:200) |
| Antibody | IRBP(Rabbit polyclonal) | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | Sc-25787 | WB (1:500) |
| Antibody | CRALBP(Rabbit polyclonal) | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | Sc-28193 | WB (1:1000) |
| Antibody | RPE65(Rabbit polyclonal) | Kind gift from Dr. Michael Redmond, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD | – | WB (1:100) |
| Chemical compound, drug | 9-cis retinal | Sigma-Aldrich | R5754 | |
| Commercial assay or kit | ECL Prime Western Blotting System | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 32,106 | |
| Other | FM1-43 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | T3163 | Dye |
| Other | Chaps Hydrate ≥98% (HPLC) | Sigma-Aldrich | SIG-C3023-25G | Detergent |
Additional files
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Transparent reporting form
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/67361/elife-67361-transrepform1-v1.docx
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Source data 1
Data for all figures and figure supplements.
- https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/67361/elife-67361-supp1-v1.xlsx
