Developmental changes in story-evoked responses in the neocortex and hippocampus
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, United States
Figures
Figure 1 with 3 supplements
Inter-subject correlation (ISC) increases with age in sensory regions and decreases with age in the PMC.
(a) Within-group ISC was computed for five distinct age groups, and a statistical comparison was performed between the Oldest and Youngest age groups. (b) The difference in ISC between the Youngest …
Figure 1—figure supplement 1
Inter-subject correlation (ISC) across a random mixture of the Youngest and Oldest subjects.
(a) Schematic illustration of the correlation for each parcel between subjects in the Youngest (5–8 years) and Oldest (16–19 years) groups. (b) ISC in parcels on the cortical surface.
Figure 1—figure supplement 2
Inter-subject correlation (ISC) within the Youngest and Oldest subjects.
ISC is displayed separately in parcels across the cortical surface for subjects in the Youngest (5–8 years) and Oldest (16–19 years) groups. Both age groups show a similar pattern of ISC increasing …
Figure 1—figure supplement 3
The demographic breakdown of the subject groups studied.
The “Oldest” age group (16–19 years) had only 40 subjects. All other age groups contained a sub-sample of 40 subjects whose gender distribution matched that of the Oldest group. The counts of male …
Figure 2
Stimulus processing differs in semantic and default mode regions between the Youngest and Oldest ages.
(a) Response timecourses were correlated within the Oldest and Youngest groups separately, and also correlated between groups. (b) For each parcel, between-group ISC (ISCb) is calculated by dividing …
Figure 3
Event boundary alignment between children and adults.
The proportion of Adult, Older Children, and Younger Children raters who marked a boundary during the stimulus. Colored lines indicate the event durations and boundaries agreed upon by at least half …
Figure 4
Measuring fits to the HMM event model.
(a) The Hidden Markov Model (HMM) assumes that brain activity in response to a movie should proceed through a specific sequence of stable event patterns, each with a specific pattern of high and low …
Figure 5 with 3 supplements
The Oldest group has better event models in regions including visual cortex and auditory cortex, whereas the Youngest group has a better model-fit in PMC.
Regions with a significant model-fit difference between the youngest and oldest age group (at the optimal timescale for that region) are plotted on the cortical surface. Redder shades indicate that …
Figure 5—figure supplement 1
Comparing the model-fit difference for all parcels between the Youngest and Oldest ages.
The model-fit difference is the difference in log-likelihood between the HMM for two events (expected to fit poorly), and the HMM with maximal model-fit (the best fitting number of events). (a) …
Figure 5—figure supplement 2
The best-fitting average duration of events for the optimal HMMs trained and tested on either the Youngest or the Oldest ages.
The average event duration increases from sensory to association parcels for both age groups and the average event durations are highly correlated between the groups (r=0.78, RMS difference between …
Figure 5—figure supplement 3
The HMM-derived event boundaries correlate with behaviorally estimated event boundaries from children.
The event boundaries determined by the HMM jointly-fit to both the Youngest and Oldest groups correspond to behaviorally estimated event boundaries in association regions such as PMC, TPJ, and …
Figure 6
The timing of event boundaries shifts with age.
(a) The Oldest group represents upcoming events before the Youngest group in auditory and visual cortex, as well as left lateralized associative regions including the left precuneus and left …
Figure 7
The hippocampus in children as young as 5 responds to event boundaries, an effect that decreases with age.
(a) The event-boundary driven response decreases as a function of age in the hippocampus (HPC). This can be shown across individuals at the time point where hippocampus-to-event correlation is …
Author response image 1
